Janda D H, Bir C A, Viano D C, Cassatta S J
The Institute for Preventative Sports Medicine and St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107, USA.
J Trauma. 1998 Feb;44(2):298-303. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199802000-00011.
To compare various soft-core baseballs for their ability to reduce the risk of fatal chest-impact injury.
This study used a three-rib biomechanical surrogate to quantitatively analyze chest impacts from nine soft-core baseballs and one standard baseball, which served as the control. Impacts were achieved with an air cannon system, with the velocity of impact being 40, 50, and 60 mph.
The deflection of the three-rib structure at the sternum was measured and used to calculate the viscous criterion, which correlates with risk of chest-impact injury.
Analysis showed that baseballs with lighter mass had a significantly lower viscous criterion (p < 0.05). Those with a similar mass had no change in the viscous criterion, and the heaviest soft-core baseball had a significantly higher viscous criterion at an impact velocity of 60 mph.
The results of this study indicate that soft-core baseballs may not differ from a standard baseball with regard to the risk of fatal chest-impact injury while playing baseball. Other techniques, such as preventive coaching, need to be implemented when trying to improve baseball safety.
比较各种软式棒球在降低致命胸部撞击伤风险方面的能力。
本研究使用三肋骨生物力学替代物来定量分析九种软式棒球和一种标准棒球（作为对照）对胸部的撞击。通过气炮系统实现撞击，撞击速度分别为40、50和60英里/小时。
测量胸骨处三肋骨结构的偏转，并用于计算粘性标准，该标准与胸部撞击伤风险相关。
分析表明，质量较轻的棒球粘性标准显著较低（p < 0.05）。质量相似的棒球粘性标准没有变化，最重的软式棒球在60英里/小时的撞击速度下粘性标准显著更高。
本研究结果表明，在打棒球时，软式棒球在致命胸部撞击伤风险方面可能与标准棒球没有差异。在试图提高棒球安全性时，需要采用其他技术，如预防性指导。
