Fletcher T J
Reediehill Deer Farm, Auchtermuchty, Fife, United Kingdom.
Rev Sci Tech. 1997 Aug;16(2):571-8. doi: 10.20506/rst.16.2.1042.
As consumers have become aware of the health risks associated with the high levels of saturated fats present in conventional red meats, an interest in new domesticants has developed. Meat from these species represents the only sector of the European red meat industry which is currently experiencing growth. The production of meat from grazing animals other than cattle and sheep is not subsidised within the European Union (EU), so that despite the fact that game farming for meat exists in all the Member States, much of the farmed game meat consumed within Europe is imported from the rapidly developing deer farming industry in New Zealand. Less severely regulated industries world-wide also export a great variety of wild game into Europe, but health controls and labelling do not permit the consumer to discriminate between wild and farmed produce, or even between species or countries of origin. This paper describes the scale of game farming within Europe, and the quantities of game imported. The author reviews the diverse production systems in different regions of Europe and the various harvesting systems, including the present measures enforced for veterinary public health reasons, and considers the threats posed by the zoonoses known to affect game mammals and the public health risks posed by contamination. An explanation is given of the differences between the production and processing of farmed and wild game.
随着消费者逐渐意识到传统红肉中高含量饱和脂肪所带来的健康风险，人们对新型家畜产生了兴趣。这些物种的肉类是欧洲红肉产业目前唯一呈现增长态势的领域。在欧盟内部，养殖牛和羊以外的放牧动物生产肉类并未得到补贴，因此，尽管所有成员国都存在用于肉类生产的狩猎养殖，但欧洲消费的许多养殖野味肉是从新西兰迅速发展的养鹿业进口的。全球监管较宽松的行业也向欧洲出口各种各样的野生动物肉，但健康控制和标签规定不允许消费者区分野生和养殖产品，甚至无法区分物种或原产国。本文描述了欧洲狩猎养殖的规模以及进口野味的数量。作者回顾了欧洲不同地区多样的生产系统和各种收获系统，包括目前出于兽医公共卫生原因实施的措施，并考虑了已知影响野味哺乳动物的人畜共患病所构成的威胁以及污染带来的公共卫生风险。文中解释了养殖野味和野生野味在生产与加工方面的差异。
