Harel Z, Riggs S, Vaz R, White L, Menzies G
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1998 Mar;22(3):225-8. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00174-2.
To assess knowledge about calcium and dietary intake among a sample of adolescents.
A survey consisting of 24-h dietary recall and 14 questions assessing knowledge about calcium was administered to 1117 adolescents (52% girls and 48% boys) attending the ninth grade in five public schools.
A majority (98%) believed that dietary calcium is healthy, strengthens the bones (92%), and may prevent osteoporosis (51%), but only a few were aware of the role of calcium in neuromuscular function (20%) and blood pressure regulation (15%). About 60% knew that adolescence is a critical period for peak bone mass accretion. Only 19% were aware of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for adolescents [4 servings (1200 mg)/day]. The majority knew that dairy products are the main dietary source of calcium, but only 10% were aware of the calcium content of various dairy products. Only 45% knew about nondairy sources of calcium. The adolescents' main sources of calcium information were health teachers (55%) and parents (46%), while only 38% reported that their health care providers had discussed health benefits of calcium. Dairy products accounted for most of the reported daily calcium intake, and the majority (79%) reported consuming dairy products daily. "Dislike" and allergy were the main reasons given for not consuming dairy products. One third reported daily supplementation with vitamins and minerals, 68% of which contained 100-200 mg of elemental calcium. Calculated calcium intake (foods, beverages, and supplements) was 536 +/- 19 mg/24 h (45% of RDA) in girls and 681 +/- 28 mg/24 h (57% of RDA) in boys (p < 0.0001).
While adolescents are aware of the main health benefits of calcium, they lack specific information about daily requirements and calcium content of the various dietary sources. This lack of information may contribute to adolescents' suboptimal intake of calcium.
评估青少年样本中关于钙及饮食摄入的知识。
对五所公立学校九年级的1117名青少年（52%为女生，48%为男生）进行了一项调查，该调查包括24小时饮食回顾以及14个评估钙知识的问题。
大多数人（98%）认为饮食中的钙有益健康，能增强骨骼（92%），并可能预防骨质疏松症（51%），但只有少数人了解钙在神经肌肉功能（20%）和血压调节（15%）中的作用。约60%的人知道青春期是骨量峰值增加的关键时期。只有19%的人知道青少年钙的推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）[每天4份（1200毫克）]。大多数人知道乳制品是钙的主要饮食来源，但只有10%的人了解各种乳制品的钙含量。只有45%的人知道非乳制品的钙来源。青少年获取钙信息的主要来源是健康教师（55%）和家长（46%），而只有38%的人报告说他们的医疗保健提供者讨论过钙的健康益处。乳制品占报告的每日钙摄入量的大部分，大多数人（79%）报告每天食用乳制品。“不喜欢”和过敏是不食用乳制品的主要原因。三分之一的人报告每天补充维生素和矿物质，其中68%含有100 - 200毫克元素钙。计算得出，女孩的钙摄入量（食物、饮料和补充剂）为536±19毫克/24小时（占RDA的45%），男孩为681±28毫克/24小时（占RDA的57%）（p<0.0001）。
虽然青少年了解钙的主要健康益处，但他们缺乏关于每日需求量以及各种饮食来源钙含量的具体信息。这种信息缺乏可能导致青少年钙摄入量未达最佳水平。
