诊断与HIV相关的疾病：以CD4细胞计数为指导
Diagnosing HIV-related disease: using the CD4 count as a guide.
作者信息
Jung A C, Paauw D S
机构信息
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6420, USA.
出版信息
J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Feb;13(2):131-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00031.x.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize current information on the relation between CD4 counts and the risk of different HIV-related diseases.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
MEDLINE search of English language articles between 1985 and 1996 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) term "CD4 lymphocyte count" and searches using key words of multiple HIV-related diseases were conducted. Some HIV-related diseases can be stratified to different CD4 count levels. Regardless of their CD4 count, HIV-infected patients are susceptible to sinusitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, community-acquired pneumonia, and oral hairy leukoplakia. In advanced HIV, when CD4 is below 200/mm3, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Mycobacterium avium complex, molluscum contagiosum, and bacillary angiomatosis all increase in incidence. In very advanced HIV disease, when CD4 counts are below 50/mm3, patients are at risk of pseudomonas pneumonia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, central nervous system lymphoma, aspergillosis, and disseminated histoplasmosis.
目的
总结目前关于CD4细胞计数与不同HIV相关疾病风险之间关系的信息。
测量与主要结果
使用医学主题词（MeSH）术语“CD4淋巴细胞计数”对1985年至1996年间的英文文章进行MEDLINE检索，并使用多种HIV相关疾病的关键词进行检索。一些HIV相关疾病可分为不同的CD4细胞计数水平。无论CD4细胞计数如何，HIV感染患者都易患鼻窦炎、卡波西肉瘤、社区获得性肺炎和口腔毛状白斑。在晚期HIV感染中，当CD4细胞计数低于200/mm³时，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎、弓形虫病、进行性多灶性白质脑病、鸟分枝杆菌复合体、传染性软疣和杆菌性血管瘤的发病率均会增加。在极晚期HIV疾病中，当CD4细胞计数低于50/mm³时，患者有患铜绿假单胞菌肺炎、巨细胞病毒视网膜炎、中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、曲霉病和播散性组织胞浆菌病的风险。
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