Ryan A S, Treuth M S, Hunter G R, Elahi D
Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and Geriatrics Service/GRECC Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Apr;62(4):295-9. doi: 10.1007/s002239900434.
We examined the effects of a total body resistive training program (RT) on total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. Twenty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 62 +/- 1 years) participated in a strength training program three times/week for 16 weeks. Strength was assessed before and after training by either one or three repetition maximum (1RM and 3RM) tests. Both upper and lower body strength significantly increased by 36-65% and 32-98%, respectively, after training. There was a small but significant decrease in body weight and body mass index after training (P < 0. 05), with no change in the waist-to-hip ratio. BMD, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, did not change over the duration of the training period in the anterioposterior spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter. BMD of the total body, lateral spine (B2-B4), and the regions of the radius (1/3 radius and ultradistal radius) also did not fall in subsets of these women. Muscular strength of both the leg and chest press were significantly associated with L2-L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (range r = 0.57-0.84, all P < 0.005). Markers of bone turnover, namely, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen did not change significantly. In conclusion, a resistive training program maintains BMD and improves muscular strength in healthy, older women. This may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated with the age-related loss of bone density.
我们研究了全身抗阻训练计划（RT）对老年女性全身及局部骨密度（BMD）的影响。27名健康的绝经后女性（平均年龄62±1岁）参加了一项每周三次、为期16周的力量训练计划。在训练前后通过一次重复最大值（1RM）或三次重复最大值（3RM）测试评估力量。训练后，上半身和下半身力量分别显著增加了36% - 65%和32% - 98%。训练后体重和体重指数有小幅但显著的下降（P < 0.05），腰臀比无变化。通过双能X线吸收法评估的骨密度，在训练期间，腰椎前后位（L2 - L4）、股骨颈、Ward三角区和大转子处均未发生变化。这些女性亚组中全身、脊柱外侧（B2 - B4）以及桡骨区域（桡骨1/3处和桡骨远侧端）的骨密度也没有下降。腿部和胸部推举的肌肉力量与L2 - L4、股骨颈、Ward三角区和大转子骨密度显著相关（范围r = 0.57 - 0.84，所有P < 0.005）。骨转换标志物，即骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素和I型胶原的尿氨基末端交联肽，没有显著变化。总之，抗阻训练计划可维持健康老年女性的骨密度并提高肌肉力量。这对于预防与年龄相关的骨密度丧失相关的负面健康结果可能很重要。
