Ryan A S, Elahi D
Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Oct;63(4):287-92. doi: 10.1007/s002239900528.
Total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone turnover were tested in 50 highly trained women athletes and 21 sedentary control women (18-69 years; BMI < 25 kg/m2). VO2max (ml . kg-1 . min-1) and lean tissue mass (DXA) were significantly higher in the athletes versus controls (both P < 0.0001). Total body BMD did not decline significantly with age in the athletes whereas lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD approached statistical significance (r = -0.26; P = 0.07). Significant losses of the femoral neck (r = - 0.42), Ward's triangle (r = -0.53), and greater trochanter BMD (r = -0.33; all P < 0.05) occurred with age in the athletes. In the athletes, total body BMD, L2-L4 BMD, and BMD of all sites of the femur were associated with lean tissue mass (r = 0.32 to r = 0.57, all P < 0.05) and VO2max (r = 0.29 to r = 0.48, all P < 0.05). Femoral neck and greater trochanter BMD were higher in the athletes than in controls (both P < 0.05) and lumbar spine and Ward's triangle BMD approached statistical significance (both P = 0.07). Bone turnover was assessed by serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links (Dpd), and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked telopeptides (NTX). There were no relationships between B-ALP or Dpd with age whereas NTX increased with age (r = 0.46, P < 0.05) in the entire group. Levels of B-ALP and NTX were negatively associated with total body, L2-L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (P < 0.05). B-ALP and Dpd were not significantly different between athletes and controls whereas NTX was lower in the athletes than in controls (P < 0.001). The high levels of physical activity observed in women athletes increase aerobic capacity and improve muscle mass but are not sufficient to prevent the loss of bone with aging.
采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）对50名训练有素的女运动员和21名久坐不动的对照女性（年龄18 - 69岁；体重指数<25kg/m²）进行全身和局部骨矿物质密度（BMD）以及骨转换检测。与对照组相比，运动员的最大摄氧量（VO2max，ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）和瘦体重（DXA测量）显著更高（均P<0.0001）。运动员的全身骨密度并未随年龄显著下降，而腰椎（L2 - L4）骨密度接近统计学显著性下降（r = -0.26；P = 0.07）。运动员的股骨颈（r = -0.42）、沃德三角区（r = -0.53）和大转子骨密度（r = -0.33；均P<0.05）随年龄出现显著下降。在运动员中，全身骨密度、L2 - L4骨密度以及股骨所有部位的骨密度均与瘦体重（r = 0.32至r = 0.57，均P<0.05）和VO2max（r = 0.29至r = 0.48，均P<0.05）相关。运动员的股骨颈和大转子骨密度高于对照组（均P<0.05），腰椎和沃德三角区骨密度接近统计学显著性差异（均P = 0.07）。通过血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（B - ALP）、尿脱氧吡啶啉交联物（Dpd）和尿氨基末端交联端肽（NTX）评估骨转换。在整个研究组中，B - ALP或Dpd与年龄之间无相关性，而NTX随年龄增加（r = 0.46，P<0.05）。B - ALP和NTX水平与全身、L2 - L4、股骨颈、沃德三角区和大转子骨密度呈负相关（P<0.05）。运动员和对照组之间B - ALP和Dpd无显著差异，而运动员的NTX低于对照组（P<0.001）。女运动员所表现出的高水平身体活动增加了有氧能力并改善了肌肉量，但不足以防止随着年龄增长而出现的骨质流失。
