Filion D L, Dawson M E, Schell A M
University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Occupational Therapy Edu., Kansas City 66160-7602, USA,
Biol Psychol. 1998 Jan;47(1):1-43. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(97)00020-3.
The human startle eyeblink reflex is reliably modified by both cognitive and emotional processes. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the current literature on human startle modification and its psychological significance. Issues raised for short lead interval startle inhibition include its interpretation as a measure of protection of processing, sensorimotor gating and early attentional processing. For long lead interval effects, interpretations related to attentional and emotional processing are discussed. Also reviewed are clinical applications to information processing dysfunctions in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and to emotional processing disorders. Finally, an integrative summary that incorporates most of the cognitive findings is presented and directions for future research are identified regarding both cognitive and emotional modification of startle.
人类惊跳眨眼反射会受到认知和情感过程的可靠调节。本综述全面概述了当前关于人类惊跳调节及其心理意义的文献。短超前间隔惊跳抑制所引发的问题包括将其解释为加工保护、感觉运动门控和早期注意加工的一种测量方法。对于长超前间隔效应，讨论了与注意和情感加工相关的解释。还综述了其在精神分裂症谱系障碍中的信息加工功能障碍以及情感加工障碍方面的临床应用。最后，给出了一个整合了大多数认知研究结果的总结，并确定了未来关于惊跳的认知和情感调节的研究方向。
