Cooke R J, Griffin I J, McCormick K, Wells J C, Smith J S, Robinson S J, Leighton M
Special Care Baby Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Pediatr Res. 1998 Mar;43(3):355-60. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199803000-00008.
The objective of this study was to compare formula intake, the time of weaning, and growth in preterm infants (< or = 1750-g birth weight, < or = 34-wk gestation) fed a standard term or preterm infant formula after initial hospital discharge. Infants were randomized at hospital discharge to be fed a preterm infant formula from discharge to 6 mo corrected age (group A), a term formula from discharge to 6 mo (group B), or the preterm formula (discharge to term) and the term formula (term to 6 mo (group C). Infants were seen biweekly (discharge to term) and monthly (term to 6 mo), when intake was measured and anthropometry and blood sampling were performed. The results were analyzed using ANOVA. Although nutrient intake was similar, at 6 mo girls were lighter (6829 versus 7280 g) and shorter (64.4 versus 66.0 cm) than boys (p < 0.05). Patient characteristics were similar between the treatment groups. Although the volume of intake differed (B > C > A; p < 0.001), energy intake was similar in the groups. Because of differences in formula composition, protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes differed (B < C < A; p < 0.001). Lower protein intakes were related to lower blood urea nitrogen levels (B < C < A; p < 0.001). At 6 mo, infant boys in B and C were lighter (6933, 6660 < 7949 g), shorter (65.3, 64.9 < 67.1 cm), and had a smaller head circumference (43.7, 43.7 < 44.8 cm; p < 0.05) than infants in group A. Preterm infants were found to increase their volume of intake to compensate for differences in energy density between formulas. After hospital discharge, infant boys fed a preterm formula grew faster than infant girls fed a preterm formula or infant boys fed a term formula.
本研究的目的是比较出院后以标准足月儿配方奶粉或早产儿配方奶粉喂养的早产儿（出生体重≤1750克，胎龄≤34周）的配方奶摄入量、断奶时间和生长情况。婴儿在出院时被随机分组，从出院至矫正年龄6个月期间喂养早产儿配方奶粉（A组），从出院至6个月期间喂养足月儿配方奶粉（B组），或从出院至足月喂养早产儿配方奶粉，从足月至6个月喂养足月儿配方奶粉（C组）。婴儿每两周（出院至足月）和每月（足月至6个月）接受一次检查，测量摄入量，并进行人体测量和血液采样。结果采用方差分析进行分析。虽然营养摄入量相似，但6个月时女孩比男孩体重更轻（6829克对7280克）、身高更矮（64.4厘米对66.0厘米）（p<0.05）。各治疗组之间的患者特征相似。虽然摄入量不同（B>C>A；p<0.001），但各组的能量摄入量相似。由于配方奶成分不同，蛋白质、钙和磷的摄入量也不同（B<C<A；p<0.001）。较低的蛋白质摄入量与较低的血尿素氮水平相关（B<C<A；p<0.001）。6个月时，B组和C组的男婴比A组男婴体重更轻（6933克、6660克<7949克）、身高更矮（65.3厘米、64.9厘米<67.1厘米）、头围更小（43.7厘米、43.7厘米<44.8厘米；p<0.05）。发现早产儿会增加摄入量以弥补配方奶能量密度的差异。出院后，喂养早产儿配方奶粉的男婴比喂养早产儿配方奶粉的女婴或喂养足月儿配方奶粉的男婴生长更快。
