Wingo P A, Ries L A, Rosenberg H M, Miller D S, Edwards B K
Epidemiology and Surveillance Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251, USA.
Cancer. 1998 Mar 15;82(6):1197-207. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980315)82:6<1197::aid-cncr26>3.0.co;2-0.
The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) agreed to produce together an annual "Report Card" to the nation on progress related to cancer prevention and control in the U.S.
This report provides average annual percent changes in incidence and mortality during 1973-1990 and 1990-1995, plus age-adjusted cancer incidence and death rates for whites, blacks, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Information on newly diagnosed cancer cases is based on data collected by NCI, and information on cancer deaths is based on underlying causes of death as reported to NCHS.
For all sites combined, cancer incidence rates decreased on average 0.7% per year during 1990-1995 (P > 0.05), in contrast to an increasing trend in earlier years. Among the ten leading cancer incidence sites, a similar reversal in trends was apparent for the cancers of the lung, prostate, colon/rectum, urinary bladder, and leukemia; female breast cancer incidence rates increased significantly during 1973-1990 but were level during 1990-1995. Cancer death rates for all sites combined decreased on average 0.5% per year during 1990-1995 (P < 0.05) after significantly increasing 0.4% per year during 1973-1990. Death rates for the four major cancers (lung, female breast, prostate, and colon/rectum) decreased significantly during 1990-1995.
These apparent successes are encouraging and signal the need to maximize cancer control efforts in the future so that even greater in-roads in reducing the cancer burden in the population are achieved.
美国癌症协会、美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）以及包括国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）在内的疾病控制与预防中心同意共同为美国民众编制一份关于美国癌症预防与控制进展的年度“成绩单”。
本报告提供了1973 - 1990年以及1990 - 1995年期间发病率和死亡率的年均百分比变化，以及白人、黑人、亚裔和太平洋岛民及西班牙裔的年龄调整癌症发病率和死亡率。新诊断癌症病例的信息基于NCI收集的数据，癌症死亡信息基于上报给NCHS的死亡根本原因。
对于所有部位合计而言，1990 - 1995年期间癌症发病率平均每年下降0.7%（P > 0.05），这与早年的上升趋势形成对比。在十大主要癌症发病部位中，肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠/直肠癌、膀胱癌和白血病的发病趋势也有类似的逆转；女性乳腺癌发病率在1973 - 1990年期间显著上升，但在1990 - 1995年期间保持平稳。所有部位合计的癌症死亡率在1973 - 1990年期间每年显著上升0.4%之后，1990 - 1995年期间平均每年下降0.5%（P < 0.05）。1990 - 1995年期间，四种主要癌症（肺癌、女性乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠/直肠癌）的死亡率显著下降。
这些明显的成功令人鼓舞，并表明未来需要最大限度地加大癌症控制力度，以便在减轻人群癌症负担方面取得更大进展。
