Behnke M, Davis Eyler F, Conlon M, Wobie K, Stewart Woods N, Cumming W
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):291-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70447-0.
This study was undertaken to determine whether an increased incidence of structural brain abnormalities could be demonstrated in newborns exposed to cocaine.
This study was part of a prospective, longitudinal study of 154 cocaine users matched to 154 control subjects on prenatal risk level, race, parity, and socioeconomic status. Subjects were enrolled prenatally from a rural public health department population or at delivery. Drug exposure was determined by means of repeated, detailed histories and urine screening for drug metabolites. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed within 4 days of birth by experienced technologists and were read by one experienced radiologist, each blinded to drug use history.
Cranial ultrasonography results were available for 266 infants (134 cocaine-exposed; 132 control). Only 27 infants had ultrasonography results that were not considered normal, and there were no significant differences between groups (17 cocaine-exposed vs 10 control; p = 0.119). Identified abnormalities included choroid plexus cysts, subependymal cysts, mildly dilated ventricles, and a cyst of the third ventricle.
The incidence of abnormal cranial ultrasonography results in our cocaine-exposed group was lower than that previously reported in the literature and not significantly different from the control group. In addition, the identified lesions were less severe than previously reported, despite a wide range of cocaine use in our sample, including heavy use.
本研究旨在确定暴露于可卡因的新生儿是否会出现脑结构异常发生率增加的情况。
本研究是一项前瞻性纵向研究的一部分，该研究将154名可卡因使用者与154名对照对象按产前风险水平、种族、产次和社会经济地位进行匹配。研究对象在产前从农村公共卫生部门人群中招募或在分娩时招募。通过反复详细询问病史和对药物代谢产物进行尿液筛查来确定药物暴露情况。由经验丰富的技术人员在出生后4天内进行超声检查，并由一名经验丰富的放射科医生解读，两人均对用药史不知情。
266名婴儿（134名暴露于可卡因；132名对照）有头颅超声检查结果。只有27名婴儿的超声检查结果被认为不正常，两组之间无显著差异（17名暴露于可卡因者 vs 10名对照者；p = 0.119）。确定的异常包括脉络丛囊肿、室管膜下囊肿、轻度脑室扩张和第三脑室囊肿。
在我们的暴露于可卡因的婴儿组中，头颅超声检查结果异常的发生率低于先前文献报道的，且与对照组无显著差异。此外，尽管我们样本中的可卡因使用范围广泛，包括大量使用，但所发现的病变比先前报道的要轻。
