Tsolaki M, Fountoulakis K, Chantzi E, Kazis A
3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Greece.
Int Psychogeriatr. 1997 Sep;9(3):327-41. doi: 10.1017/s104161029700447x.
Many efforts have been made to trace the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are, however, many points of controversy among reports from the same country as well as among reports from different countries. The current study is a case-control study to determine the risk factors in the development of AD in Greece. Sixty-five patients with AD and 69 age-matched controls were examined. All patients with AD fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for AD and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. Demographic characteristics such as gender, current marital status, who he/she is living with, education, main place of residence in childhood, adulthood, and late life, occupational hazards, patient's medical history (history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension), life habits like alcohol consumption and smoking, and a history of head trauma, heart attack, stroke, parkinsonism, or depression were collected from the subject or from an informant. A family history of selected diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Down's syndrome, stroke) was also elicited. Ages of father and mother at birth were also recorded. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results (chi-square test) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and controls as far as marital status (p = .04), the subject's history of major depressive episode (p = .02), and family history of dementia (p = .002) were concerned. Logistic regression analysis results produced a complex model of family aggregation of dementia, with patients with a history of depression and family history of dementia having an up to seven times higher risk of developing AD. These findings, especially a family history of dementia, are consistent with most of the literature.
人们已经做出了许多努力来探寻阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病因。然而，同一国家的报告之间以及不同国家的报告之间存在许多争议点。当前的这项研究是一项病例对照研究，旨在确定希腊AD发病的风险因素。研究对65例AD患者和69例年龄匹配的对照者进行了检查。所有AD患者均符合AD的DSM-IV标准以及可能AD的NINCDS-ADRDA标准。收集了受试者或其 informant 的人口统计学特征，如性别、当前婚姻状况、与谁同住、教育程度、童年、成年和晚年的主要居住地、职业危害、患者病史（糖尿病和高血压病史）、饮酒和吸烟等生活习惯以及头部外伤、心脏病发作、中风、帕金森症或抑郁症病史。还询问了特定疾病（高血压、糖尿病、痴呆、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、中风）的家族史。同时记录了父母生育时的年龄。采用卡方检验、Kruskal-Wallis方差分析、聚类分析和逻辑回归分析进行统计分析。结果（卡方检验）显示，就婚姻状况（p = 0.04）、受试者的重度抑郁发作史（p = 0.02）和痴呆家族史（p = 0.002）而言，阿尔茨海默型痴呆患者与对照组之间存在统计学上的显著差异。逻辑回归分析结果产生了一个复杂的痴呆家族聚集模型，有抑郁病史和痴呆家族史的患者患AD的风险高达七倍。这些发现，尤其是痴呆家族史，与大多数文献一致。
