Logan P, Leadbetter S, Gibson R E, Schieber R, Branche C, Bender P, Zane D, Humphreys J, Anderson S
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Pediatrics. 1998 Apr;101(4 Pt 1):578-82. doi: 10.1542/peds.101.4.578.
To determine the effect of a bicycle helmet giveaway program on helmet use among children.
In 1995, a bicycle helmet giveaway program was conducted in two rural towns in Texas. Helmets were given to all 403 school children in kindergarten through grade 8. Helmet education, a bicycle rodeo, and incentives to increase helmet use were part of the program. Observations of helmet use were made before the helmet program began and after the program at several intervals throughout the school year and during the summer. A self-reported survey questionnaire was administered to children in grades 4 through 8 before the helmet program began and at several intervals during the school year to determine their attitudes about helmet use, safety perceptions, and peer pressure. A questionnaire also was administered to the parents of these children to determine attitudes and bicycle helmet use among parents.
Helmet use increased from 3% before the giveaway to 38% at the end of the school year, 7 months later. However, during the subsequent summer, helmet use decreased to 5%. Helmet use among 7th- and 8th-grade students was 0% at all observations periods after the giveaway. Even though 96% of all students thought that helmet use increased riding safety and 68% thought helmets should be worn at all times when riding, only 25% thought that their friends would approve of helmet use. Most parents also believed that helmets increased riding safety and should be worn, but only 23% reported always wearing one when riding a bicycle.
Bicycle helmet giveaway programs can increase helmet use temporarily, but they may not be sufficient to sustain it. This program was not effective among 7th- and 8th-grade students.
确定自行车头盔赠送项目对儿童头盔使用情况的影响。
1995年，在得克萨斯州的两个乡村小镇开展了一项自行车头盔赠送项目。向幼儿园至八年级的所有403名在校儿童发放了头盔。该项目包括头盔教育、自行车竞技表演以及鼓励增加头盔使用的激励措施。在头盔项目开始前以及项目开展后整个学年的几个时间点和夏季期间，对头盔使用情况进行了观察。在头盔项目开始前以及学年期间的几个时间点，对四年级至八年级的学生进行了一份自我报告调查问卷，以确定他们对头盔使用的态度、安全认知以及同伴压力。还向这些孩子的家长发放了一份问卷，以确定家长的态度和自行车头盔使用情况。
头盔使用率从赠送前的3%在7个月后的学年末增至38%。然而，在随后的夏季，头盔使用率降至5%。在赠送后的所有观察期内，七年级和八年级学生的头盔使用率均为0%。尽管96%的学生认为使用头盔可提高骑行安全性，68%的学生认为骑行时应始终佩戴头盔，但只有25%的学生认为他们的朋友会赞成使用头盔。大多数家长也认为头盔能提高骑行安全性且应该佩戴，但只有23%的家长表示骑自行车时总是佩戴头盔。
自行车头盔赠送项目可暂时提高头盔使用率，但可能不足以维持这一使用率。该项目在七年级和八年级学生中效果不佳。
