Rourke L L
Department of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London.
Can Fam Physician. 1994 Jun;40:1116-24.
To assess the effect of a community bicycle helmet education and subsidy program and the further effect of a bicycle rodeo on helmet ownership and use among elementary schoolchildren. The unanticipated effect of a child cyclist fatality was also measured.
Helmet ownership and use were measured in two ways: a questionnaire was sent to all elementary schoolteachers asking about helmet ownership and use by their students; and volunteers counted the children riding their bicycles to school.
Elementary schools in the town of Goderich, population 7400, and the town of Kincardine, population 6227, both on Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario.
More than 80% of the 1050 elementary school students in Goderich and, for comparison, more than 90% of the 1439 elementary school students in Kincardine.
An extensive education campaign with programs, assemblies, teaching aids, speakers, and a colouring and poster contest, coupled with a discount helmet offer in October 1991. Incentives to helmet use, such as bicycle rodeos, took place in May 1992 and 1993. A child cyclist not wearing a helmet was fatally injured in September 1992.
Teachers polled students on helmet use and student volunteers counted children riding bicycles and noted helmet use.
A total of 250 helmets were purchased, and helmet use was observed to increase among 5- to 14-year-old children from 0.75% to 12.8% during 9 months. Program effect was significantly greater on younger children, and girls used helmets more often than boys did. The cycling fatality in Goderich was associated with a dramatic increase in helmet use (to more than 50%), a significantly higher rate than in Kincardine. A second subsidy and rodeo did not further increase helmet use.
A small community with limited resources can mount a bicycle helmet education and incentive program with high exposure and participation rates by children. Despite an initial 17-fold increase in observed helmet use, more than 87% of cyclists still did not wear helmets. The cycling fatality was associated with a significant increase in helmet use.
评估一项社区自行车头盔教育与补贴计划的效果，以及自行车竞技活动对小学生头盔拥有率和使用率的进一步影响。同时还衡量了一名儿童自行车骑行者死亡这一意外事件的影响。
通过两种方式测量头盔拥有率和使用率：向所有小学教师发放问卷，询问其学生的头盔拥有情况和使用情况；志愿者统计骑自行车上学的儿童人数。
安大略省西南部休伦湖畔的戈德里奇镇（人口7400）和金卡汀镇（人口6227）的小学。
戈德里奇镇1050名小学生中超过80%的学生，作为对比，金卡汀镇1439名小学生中超过90%的学生。
开展广泛的教育活动，包括课程、集会、教具、演讲者以及一场填色和海报比赛，并在1991年10月提供折扣头盔。1992年5月和1993年举办了鼓励使用头盔的活动，如自行车竞技比赛。1992年9月，一名未戴头盔的儿童自行车骑行者遭遇致命事故。
教师对学生的头盔使用情况进行调查，学生志愿者统计骑自行车的儿童人数并记录头盔使用情况。
共购买了250顶头盔，在9个月内，5至14岁儿童的头盔使用率从0.75%增至12.8%。该计划对年幼孩子的效果显著更大，女孩使用头盔的频率高于男孩。戈德里奇镇的自行车骑行者死亡事件与头盔使用率的大幅上升（超过50%）相关，这一比例显著高于金卡汀镇。第二次补贴和竞技活动并未进一步提高头盔使用率。
资源有限的小社区能够开展一项自行车头盔教育与激励计划，儿童的参与度和曝光率很高。尽管观察到的头盔使用率最初增长了17倍，但仍有超过87%的骑行者未戴头盔。自行车骑行者死亡事件与头盔使用率的显著增加相关。
