Gostomzyk J G, Schaefer H
Gesundheitswesen. 1998 Jan;60(1):3-12.
There have been far-reaching structural changes in medicine in recent years, prompting us to review the social medicine from the time it was first officially included in the medical curriculum of instruction and examination of licensed physicians (1970) to the present day. This subdiscipline focuses on the specific interactions between medicine and society on the one hand and on the structures and functions of public health services in an ever-changing society on the other. Diseases and their sequels are considered to occur on a somatopsychosocial plane. Analysis of the close interaction between health and social factors affords a view on the problem of social inequality and disease or its sequels and the way they are attacked or overcome in our society, from the legal claim for assistance to the complementary help offered by a socially oriented structure of medicine. This is the range of operations of sociomedicine, concentrating mainly on prevention and rehabilitation. Epidemiological analysis is one aspect, individual social medical expertising another, both of them being important instruments in affording help within the framework of statutory health insurance allowances (sickness insurance, pension fund, medical care insurance, unemployment insurance and the like). In the future, increasing importance will be attached by reflecting the social consequences of developments in medicine and vice versa. This, in turn, will have an influence on the scientific and social approaches practised by social medicine.
近年来，医学领域发生了意义深远的结构性变革，这促使我们回顾社会医学，从它于1970年首次正式纳入执业医师医学教学与考试课程至今。这一学科分支一方面关注医学与社会之间的具体互动，另一方面关注不断变化的社会中公共卫生服务的结构与功能。疾病及其后果被认为发生在生物心理社会层面。对健康与社会因素之间密切互动的分析，让我们得以审视社会不平等与疾病或其后果的问题，以及在我们的社会中应对或克服这些问题的方式，从法律援助诉求到社会导向型医学结构提供的补充性帮助。这就是社会医学的业务范围，主要集中在预防和康复方面。流行病学分析是一个方面，个体社会医学专业评估是另一个方面，二者都是在法定健康保险津贴（疾病保险、养老基金、医疗保险、失业保险等）框架内提供帮助的重要工具。未来，通过反思医学发展的社会后果以及反之亦然，将越来越受到重视。反过来，这将对社会医学所采用的科学和社会方法产生影响。
