Frewer L J, Howard C, Hedderley D, Shepherd R
Institute of Food Research, Reading, United Kingdom.
Risk Anal. 1998 Feb;18(1):95-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb00919.x.
The psychometric approach developed by Slovic and his co-workers has been effectively used to assess risk perceptions associated with different food-related hazards. However, further examination (using questionnaire data and partial correlation techniques) has indicated that technological hazards are highly differentiated from lifestyle hazards, in terms of both hazard control and knowledge about the hazard. Optimistic bias was also seen to vary between hazards. Further research has focused on a particular hazard, genetic engineering. Risk perceptions associated with genetic engineering are underpinned by ethical concern and questions relating to perceived need for the technology, as well as perceptions of risk or harm. However, increasing the specificity of hazard stimuli was found to alter the factor structure of underlying risk perceptions. The utility of preference mapping procedures in determining individual differences in trust in risk regulators is also discussed.
斯洛维奇及其同事开发的心理测量方法已被有效地用于评估与不同食品相关危害相关的风险认知。然而，进一步的研究（使用问卷调查数据和偏相关技术）表明，在危害控制和对危害的了解方面，技术危害与生活方式危害有很大区别。乐观偏差在不同危害之间也有所不同。进一步的研究集中在一种特定危害——基因工程上。与基因工程相关的风险认知受到伦理关注、与该技术感知需求相关的问题以及对风险或危害的认知的支撑。然而，发现增加危害刺激的特异性会改变潜在风险认知的因素结构。还讨论了偏好映射程序在确定风险监管机构信任度个体差异方面的效用。
