Luthar S S, Cushing G, Merikangas K R, Rounsaville B J
Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 1998 Winter;10(1):117-36. doi: 10.1017/s0954579498001333.
Objectives of this study were to ascertain risk and protective factors in the adjustment of 78 school-age and teenage offspring of opioid- and cocaine-abusing mothers. Using a multimethod, multiinformant approach, child outcomes were operationalized via lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and everyday social competence (each based on both mother and child reports), and dimensional assessments of symptoms (mother report). Risk/protective factors examined included the child sociodemographic attributes of gender, age, and ethnicity, aspects of maternal psychopathology, and both mother's and children's cognitive functioning. Results revealed that greater child maladjustment was linked with increasing age, Caucasian (as opposed to African American) ethnicity, severity of maternal psychiatric disturbance, higher maternal cognitive abilities (among African Americans) and lower child cognitive abilities (among Caucasians). Limitations of the study are discussed, as are implications of findings for future research.
本研究的目的是确定78名阿片类药物和可卡因滥用母亲的学龄期及青少年子女在适应过程中的风险因素和保护因素。采用多方法、多信息提供者的方法，通过终生精神疾病诊断和日常社会能力（均基于母亲和孩子的报告）以及症状的维度评估（母亲报告）来衡量儿童的结果。所考察的风险/保护因素包括儿童的社会人口学属性，如性别、年龄和种族，母亲精神病理学的各个方面，以及母亲和孩子的认知功能。结果显示，儿童适应不良程度的增加与年龄增长、白种人（与非裔美国人相对）种族、母亲精神障碍的严重程度、较高的母亲认知能力（在非裔美国人中）以及较低的儿童认知能力（在白种人中）有关。文中讨论了该研究的局限性以及研究结果对未来研究的启示。
