Pitcher L M
Medical Anthropology Program, University of California, San Francisco--Berkeley, USA.
Med Anthropol Q. 1998 Mar;12(1):8-30. doi: 10.1525/maq.1998.12.1.8.
Violence is obscured by habits of thought, which predispose us to reject that which falls outside of our notion of "normal" human behavior. By dismissing as incomprehensible, or "pathologic," embodied practices that do not correspond to a "rationally ordered" everyday life, some anthropologists concerned with issues of violence forsake a fundamental responsibility to foster an understanding of phenomena that affronts, offends, or questions our own cultural norms and assumptions. Situations of violence, whether due to contextual or individual instability, by definition defy pregiven notions of "rationality" and "normal behavior." This article is about Palestinian martyrs, youths killed in confrontations with the Israeli military. It seeks to identify the cultural and psychological processes that make Palestinian martyrdom possible within the specific context of Israeli military occupation. It elaborates the ritual, narrative, and symbolic dimensions of a practice that exists within a Palestinian discourse of sacrifice and of national liberation.
暴力被思维习惯所掩盖，这些思维习惯使我们倾向于拒绝接受那些不符合我们“正常”人类行为概念的事物。一些关注暴力问题的人类学家，将那些与“理性有序”的日常生活不符的具体行为视为不可理解或“病态”而不予理会，从而放弃了一项基本责任，即增进对那些冒犯、触犯或质疑我们自身文化规范和假设的现象的理解。暴力情形，无论源于环境还是个人的不稳定，从定义上讲都违背了既定的“理性”和“正常行为”观念。本文讲述的是巴勒斯坦烈士，即那些在与以色列军队冲突中丧生的年轻人。它旨在确定在以色列军事占领这一特定背景下，使巴勒斯坦殉难成为可能的文化和心理过程。它阐述了一种存在于巴勒斯坦牺牲话语和民族解放话语中的行为的仪式、叙事和象征层面。
