Puschner B, Galey F D, Holstege D M, Palazoglu M
California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System-Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Mar 15;212(6):857-9.
Eight of 600 Holstein heifers and cows died after ingestion of sweet clover silage (Melilotus sp) that contained excessive concentrations of dicumarol caused by mold infestation. The cattle developed subcutaneous hemorrhages and bled from the vagina, became weak, were unable to move, and died. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sweet clover poisoning in cattle from California and is discussed in light of previous findings in the Midwest and Canada. Sweet clover poisoning is caused by dicumarol, a fungal metabolite produced from substrates in sweet clover, and is a common livestock problem in the Northern Plains and Canada. Sweet clover poisoning should be considered in livestock animals with clinical evidence of hemostatic dysfunction, prolonged coagulation times, subcutaneous hemorrhages, and hemorrhagic abortions. Definite diagnosis of moldy sweet clover poisoning can be accomplished by analysis of serum and feed samples for dicumarol concentrations.
600头荷斯坦小母牛和奶牛中有8头在摄入受霉菌感染而含有过量双香豆素的草木樨青贮饲料（草木樨属）后死亡。这些牛出现皮下出血，阴道出血，身体虚弱，无法行动，最终死亡。据我们所知，这是加利福尼亚州牛群发生草木樨中毒的首例报告，并根据美国中西部和加拿大此前的研究结果进行了讨论。草木樨中毒是由双香豆素引起的，双香豆素是草木樨中底物产生的一种真菌代谢产物，是北部平原和加拿大常见的家畜问题。对于有止血功能障碍、凝血时间延长、皮下出血和出血性流产临床证据的家畜，应考虑草木樨中毒。通过分析血清和饲料样本中的双香豆素浓度，可以明确诊断发霉的草木樨中毒。
