Shatenstein B, Ghadirian P
Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Nutrition. 1998 Feb;14(2):223-30. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00425-5.
Diverse cultural components of behavior may have significant impacts on patterns of eating, drinking, and social interaction, irrespective of socioeconomic status. For example, the major world religions prescribe or proscribe specific dietary behaviors; some of these are rooted in historical or geographical origins as well as group folklore; and they have integral roles as expressions of religious piety and group cohesiveness. The literature is replete with ecological observations of between-country differences in disease trends, some of which have been associated with dietary practices. The study of distinct cultural and religious groups (especially migrants acculturating to new environments) and the extent to which they adhere to culturally-based dietary precepts, has advanced our knowledge of psychosocial influences on food habits, nutritional adequacy, and overall health. However, a relatively small proportion of culturally-based research studies conducted to date have explored cross-cultural, ethnic, or religious variables. This paper reviews some population-based differences in dietary habits and other behaviors by ethnocultural group or religious denomination; health consequences and suggestions for future research are discussed.
行为的多元文化组成部分可能会对饮食、饮酒和社交互动模式产生重大影响，而与社会经济地位无关。例如，世界主要宗教规定或禁止特定的饮食行为；其中一些行为源于历史或地理渊源以及群体民俗；它们作为宗教虔诚和群体凝聚力的表达具有不可或缺的作用。文献中充斥着关于国家间疾病趋势差异的生态学观察，其中一些与饮食习惯有关。对不同文化和宗教群体（尤其是融入新环境的移民）以及他们遵守基于文化的饮食戒律的程度的研究，增进了我们对心理社会因素对饮食习惯、营养充足性和整体健康影响的认识。然而，迄今为止进行的基于文化的研究中，探索跨文化、种族或宗教变量的比例相对较小。本文回顾了按种族文化群体或宗教派别划分的一些基于人群的饮食习惯和其他行为差异；讨论了健康后果以及对未来研究的建议。
