Ng J K, Kippers V, Richardson C A
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998 Jan-Feb;38(1):51-8.
The ability of surface electrodes to accurately detect the activity of a particular muscle relies not only on their being placed over the muscle but also on their position in relation to muscle fibre orientation. For optimal pick-up of electromyographic (EMG) signals, surface electrodes are best aligned in parallel with the fibre orientation of the underlying muscle. This study aimed to measure muscle fibre orientation and other parameters of muscle morphology of the abdominal muscles in relation to palpable bony landmarks. Thirty-seven embalmed cadavers (19 males and 18 females) were examined. Results showed that the fibres of obliquus externus abdominis were about 4 degrees more vertical than the lower edge of the eighth rib. Below the rib cage, the muscle fibres of obliquus externus abdominis were approximately 5 degrees closer to vertical than a reference line between the most inferior point of the costal margin and the contralateral pubic tubercle. In the anterolateral abdominal wall area below the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the obliquus internus abdominis was superficial being covered only by the aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis. At the level of ASIS, the muscle fibres of obliquus internus abdominis were almost horizontally orientated but at 2 cm below ASIS were aligned about 6 degrees inferomedially to the horizontal. The muscle fibres of upper rectus abdominis were 2 degrees inferolateral to the midline while the lower rectus abdominis muscle fibres deviated inferomedially from the midline by about 8 degrees. The appropriate surface electrode placements which follows the muscle fibre orientation of the obliquus externus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis and rectus abdominis have been suggested.
表面电极准确检测特定肌肉活动的能力不仅取决于其放置在肌肉上方，还取决于其相对于肌纤维方向的位置。为了最佳地采集肌电图（EMG）信号，表面电极最好与下方肌肉的纤维方向平行排列。本研究旨在测量腹肌的肌纤维方向和其他肌肉形态参数，并将其与可触及的骨性标志相关联。对37具防腐尸体（19例男性和18例女性）进行了检查。结果显示，腹外斜肌的纤维比第八肋下缘垂直约4度。在肋弓下方，腹外斜肌的肌纤维比肋缘最下点与对侧耻骨结节之间的参考线垂直约5度。在髂前上棘（ASIS）下方的前外侧腹壁区域，腹内斜肌较浅，仅被腹外斜肌腱膜覆盖。在ASIS水平，腹内斜肌的肌纤维几乎呈水平方向，但在ASIS下方2 cm处，其排列方向与水平方向成约6度的内下倾斜。腹直肌上半部分的肌纤维相对于中线向外下倾斜2度，而腹直肌下半部分的肌纤维从中线向内下偏离约8度。本文提出了根据腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌和腹直肌的肌纤维方向进行表面电极放置的合适方法。
