Leibowitz H W, Owens D A, Tyrrell R A
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Jan;30(1):93-9. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00067-5.
The assured clear distance ahead (ACDA) rule holds the operator of a motor vehicle responsible to avoid collision with any obstacle that might appear in the vehicle's path. Although widely considered a fundamental responsibility of safe driving, the ACDA rule is routinely violated by most drivers under nighttime conditions. This fact does not necessarily imply reckless disregard for public safety, however. Rather the troublesome discrepancy between drivers' behavior and the principles of safe driving may be understood in terms of vehicle operators' lack of awareness of selective losses of visual function that occur in low light. This theoretical perspective holds basic implications both for traffic regulations and for assessment of liability in nighttime road accidents.
前方安全车距（ACDA）规则要求机动车驾驶员有责任避免与车辆行驶路径中可能出现的任何障碍物相撞。尽管普遍认为这是安全驾驶的一项基本责任，但大多数驾驶员在夜间条件下经常违反ACDA规则。然而，这一事实并不一定意味着对公共安全的鲁莽漠视。相反，驾驶员行为与安全驾驶原则之间令人困扰的差异，或许可以从车辆驾驶员对低光照条件下视觉功能选择性丧失缺乏认识的角度来理解。这一理论观点对交通法规以及夜间道路事故责任评估都具有基本的启示意义。
