Sivak Michael, Luoma Juha, Flannagan Michael J, Bingham C Raymond, Eby David W, Shope Jean T
The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2150, USA.
J Safety Res. 2007;38(3):337-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.05.003. Epub 2007 May 30.
This article examines five major road-safety risk factors: exceeding posted speed limits, not using safety belts, driving while intoxicated, nighttime driving, and young drivers.
The importance of each of these factors is documented, known effective countermeasures (both policy and technology based) are discussed, and impediments to the implementation of these countermeasures in the United States are examined.
Based on current understanding of the five major risk factors, and of the available countermeasures, there appear to be a variety of opportunities to make substantial gains in road safety using existing knowledge. The limited implementation of a variety of known countermeasures therefore appears to be inconsistent with high-level, strategic goals to improve road safety. Consequently, a recommendation is made to comprehensively re-examine the balance between the countermeasures discussed in this article and economic, mobility, and privacy concerns. IMPACT ON PUBLIC SAFETY: Such a re-examination is likely to result in broad support for these countermeasures, with a consequent major improvement in road safety.
本文探讨了五个主要的道路安全风险因素：超速行驶、不系安全带、酒后驾车、夜间驾驶以及年轻驾驶者。
记录了每个因素的重要性，讨论了已知的有效对策（包括基于政策和技术的对策），并研究了在美国实施这些对策的障碍。
基于对这五个主要风险因素以及现有对策的当前理解，利用现有知识似乎有各种机会在道路安全方面取得重大进展。因此，各种已知对策的有限实施似乎与改善道路安全的高层次战略目标不一致。因此，建议全面重新审视本文所讨论的对策与经济、机动性和隐私问题之间的平衡。对公共安全的影响：这样的重新审视可能会导致对这些对策的广泛支持，从而使道路安全得到重大改善。
