Blumenthal J A, Emery C F, Madden D J, George L K, Coleman R E, Riddle M W, McKee D C, Reasoner J, Williams R S
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center.
J Gerontol. 1989 Sep;44(5):M147-57. doi: 10.1093/geronj/44.5.m147.
The cardiovascular and behavioral adaptations associated with a 4-month program of aerobic exercise training were examined in 101 older men and women (mean age = 67 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to an Aerobic Exercise group, a Yoga and Flexibility control group, or a Waiting List control group. Prior to and following the 4-month program, subjects underwent comprehensive physiological and psychological evaluations. Physiological measures included measurement of blood pressure, lipids, bone density, and cardiorespiratory fitness including direct measurements of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and anaerobic threshold. Psychological measures included measures of mood, psychiatric symptoms, and neuropsychological functioning. This study demonstrated that 4 months of aerobic exercise training produced an overall 11.6% improvement in peak VO2 and a 13% increase in anaerobic threshold. In contrast, the Yoga and Waiting List control groups experienced no change in cardiorespiratory fitness. Other favorable physiological changes observed among aerobic exercise participants included lower cholesterol levels, diastolic blood pressure levels, and for subjects at risk for bone fracture, a trend toward an increase in bone mineral content. Although few significant psychological changes could be attributed to aerobic exercise training, participants in the two active treatment groups perceived themselves as improving on a number of psychological and behavioral dimensions.
在101名老年男性和女性（平均年龄 = 67岁）中，研究了与为期4个月的有氧运动训练相关的心血管和行为适应性。研究对象被随机分配到有氧运动组、瑜伽与柔韧性对照组或候补名单对照组。在为期4个月的训练计划之前和之后，研究对象接受了全面的生理和心理评估。生理测量包括血压、血脂、骨密度的测量，以及心肺适能的测量，包括直接测量最大摄氧量（VO2）和无氧阈值。心理测量包括情绪、精神症状和神经心理功能的测量。这项研究表明，4个月的有氧运动训练使最大摄氧量总体提高了11.6%，无氧阈值提高了13%。相比之下，瑜伽组和候补名单对照组的心肺适能没有变化。在有氧运动参与者中观察到的其他有利生理变化包括胆固醇水平降低、舒张压水平降低，对于有骨折风险的研究对象，骨矿物质含量有增加的趋势。虽然有氧运动训练几乎没有导致显著的心理变化，但两个积极治疗组的参与者认为自己在一些心理和行为方面有所改善。
