González Enríquez J, García Comas L, Alcaide Jiménez J F, Sáenz Calvo A, Conde Olasagasti J
Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1997 Mar-Apr;71(2):103-26.
This report is a systematic review of the effect intensity and duration of the immune response to meningococcal serogroup C vaccine. The vaccine safety, efficacy and effectiveness are also analyzed.
MEDLINE literature search in the period 1970-1996. Meningoccocal polysaccharide vaccine clinical trials and human prospective studies were specifically searched. Quality of the retrieved studies were analyzed. Information available was integrated.
Group C meningoccal polysaccharide vaccine is a safe product. Its efficacy is over 85% among adults and children over 5 years old. 70% (CI 95%: 5-91%) under 5 years old, and 55% among children 2-3 years old. The vaccine is not effective under 2 years. The duration of protective antibody levels decrease with age. The proportion of vaccinated children effectively protected one year after vaccination is low. Vaccination does not affect the immune response to ulterior revaccination.
Group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is indicated in adults and children over 2 years old to protect them from meningococcal disease due to group C when exposed to high risk of infection. The outbreaks control is the main indication for the use of this vaccine. Routine immunization in not outbreak situation is not recommended due to the small vaccine protection in children under 2 years old, the limited efficacy in children under 5, and the short duration of the immunity in children.
本报告是对C群脑膜炎球菌疫苗免疫反应的效应强度和持续时间的系统评价。同时还分析了疫苗的安全性、有效性和效力。
检索1970 - 1996年期间的MEDLINE文献。专门检索脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的临床试验和人体前瞻性研究。分析检索到的研究的质量。整合可用信息。
C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗是一种安全的产品。其在成人和5岁以上儿童中的效力超过85%。在5岁以下儿童中为70%（95%置信区间：5 - 91%），在2 - 3岁儿童中为55%。该疫苗在2岁以下无效。保护性抗体水平的持续时间随年龄下降。接种疫苗的儿童在接种后一年得到有效保护的比例较低。接种疫苗不影响后续再次接种的免疫反应。
C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗适用于2岁以上的成人和儿童，以在接触高感染风险时保护他们免受C群脑膜炎球菌疾病的侵害。控制疫情是使用该疫苗的主要指征。由于2岁以下儿童疫苗保护作用小、5岁以下儿童效力有限以及儿童免疫力持续时间短，不建议在无疫情情况下进行常规免疫接种。
