Arévalo Alonso J M, Baquedano Arriazu F J
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital de Txagorritxu, Vitoria.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1997 Sep-Oct;71(5):451-62.
In Spain, as in other countries, numerous studies on tobaccoism have been carried out. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the prevalence of tobaccoism in a representative sample of hospital employees and its association with age, sex, profession level and attitudes.
Following a pilot study, a survey was carried out amongst a representative and random sample (n = 360) of hospital personnel, who were asked about their attitudes towards smoking, classified according to age, sex and professional level.
The total percentage of smokers was 36.4%, but no significant statistical differences were found between sex or age group. The professional levels with the highest percentage of smokers are ATS/DUE and clerks. 42.8% of non-smokers declared having smoked in the past. ATS/DUE, clerks and doctors showed the highest percentage. 40.5% of smokers declare that they were willing to give up smoking, whereas people over 50 were the most reluctant. The majority of cigarette smokers admitted that they smoke in the hospital. Most of them are intermediate smokers (10-20 cigarettes per day) and have been so for many years. The majority of former smokers gave up smoking in recent years.
These results prove that a large number of hospital employees are smokers. However, many are willing to give up the habit. We should therefore encourage these people to give up smoking and help them by different means such as: anti-smoking advice, medical advice and health education. We propose to declare hospitals as "Non-Smoking Area" as of the year 2000 which includes employees, patients and visitors, according to the WHO "Health for All." program.
与其他国家一样，西班牙已经开展了大量关于吸烟问题的研究。本次调查的目的是评估医院员工代表性样本中的吸烟率及其与年龄、性别、职业水平和态度的关联。
在一项试点研究之后，对医院工作人员的代表性随机样本（n = 360）进行了调查，询问他们对吸烟的态度，并根据年龄、性别和职业水平进行分类。
吸烟者的总比例为36.4%，但在性别或年龄组之间未发现显著的统计学差异。吸烟率最高的职业水平是ATS/DUE和办事员。42.8%的非吸烟者表示过去曾吸烟。ATS/DUE、办事员和医生的比例最高。40.5%的吸烟者表示愿意戒烟，而50岁以上的人最不愿意。大多数吸烟者承认他们在医院吸烟。他们中的大多数是中度吸烟者（每天10 - 20支香烟），并且已经吸了很多年。大多数曾经吸烟者是在近几年戒烟的。
这些结果证明大量医院员工是吸烟者。然而，许多人愿意戒掉这个习惯。因此，我们应该鼓励这些人戒烟，并通过不同方式帮助他们，例如：提供戒烟建议、医疗建议和健康教育。根据世界卫生组织的“人人享有健康”计划，我们建议从2000年起将医院宣布为“无烟区”，包括员工、患者和访客。
