Extending the boundaries of occupational health psychology: state-of-the-art reviews. II.

The nature of work changes over the life course for both men and women, yet the substance and meaning of both paid and unpaid activities varies considerably by gender. The articles in this special section extend the study of work and health by applying an ecology of the life course perspective to retirement, by extending the definition of work to include unpaid activity outside formal employment, and by examining the elements of causal analysis in longitudinal studies.