Wennig R, Moeller M R, Haguenoer J M, Marocchi A, Zoppi F, Smith B L, de la Torre R, Carstensen C A, Goerlach-Graw A, Schaeffler J, Leinberger R
Laboratoire National de Santé, Centre Universitaire, Luxembourg.
J Anal Toxicol. 1998 Mar-Apr;22(2):148-55. doi: 10.1093/jat/22.2.148.
The test principle and the optimization of the reactive ingredients are described for the one-step dip and-read immunochromatographic FRONTLINE rapid tests for drugs-of-abuse testing in urine samples. In a multicenter evaluation the rapid tests were compared with FPIA and EMIT immunoassays. Discrepant results were further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. In the comparison of the cannabinoids rapid tests versus both immunoassays using clinical and forensic urine samples (399 versus FPIA and 755 versus EMIT), sensitivities and specificities were 97% or better for both comparisons. For cocaine, a sensitivity of 100% versus both routine technologies was obtained, whereas the specificity was reduced somewhat to 91% because of some cross-reactivity with metabolites of methadone and of clozapine. Specificity was very high for the cocaine rapid tests (98-100%) when applied to urine samples of persons not in a methadone maintenance program. Sensitivities and specificities for the opiates rapid tests were 99% or better at all sites when compared with the routine methods. In the screening of about 1200 clinical urine samples for cannabinoids, cocaine or opiates misuse only six samples would have stayed undetected by rapid test analyzes. These results show the FRONTLINE assays allow a reliable and immediate screening for drugs of abuse.
本文描述了用于尿液样本中药物滥用检测的一步式即浸即读免疫层析法前线快速检测的测试原理及反应成分的优化。在多中心评估中，将快速检测与荧光偏振免疫分析（FPIA）和酶放大免疫测定技术（EMIT）免疫测定法进行了比较。对不一致的结果采用气相色谱 - 质谱法进一步分析。在使用临床和法医尿液样本将大麻素快速检测与两种免疫测定法进行比较时（与FPIA比较399例，与EMIT比较755例），两种比较的灵敏度和特异性均为97%或更高。对于可卡因，与两种常规技术相比灵敏度均为100%，而由于与美沙酮和氯氮平代谢物存在一些交叉反应，特异性有所降低至91%。当应用于未参加美沙酮维持治疗项目人员的尿液样本时，可卡因快速检测的特异性非常高（98 - 100%）。与常规方法相比，阿片类快速检测在所有检测点的灵敏度和特异性均为99%或更高。在对约1200份临床尿液样本进行大麻素、可卡因或阿片类药物滥用筛查时，快速检测分析仅漏检了6份样本。这些结果表明前线检测法可对药物滥用进行可靠且即时的筛查。
