Preston A M, Rodríguez C, Gómez Flores I M
Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936-5067.
P R Health Sci J. 1997 Dec;16(4):381-6.
Nutritional analysis of meals in the Federally-sponsored Breakfast and Lunch Programs in Stateside Schools has recently been completed. However due to ethnic and cultural differences, the findings may not be directly applicable to similar nutrition programs in Puerto Rico. It is our aim to carry out an analysis of meals served in Federal programs in Puerto Rico and to compare results to the stateside study.
Twenty eight different breakfast meals and 96 different lunch meals being cycled in elementary, middle and secondary schools throughout the entire island of Puerto Rico were analyzed for content using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System 32 and compared with: 1) compliance to meal pattern requirements of federal programs, 2) dietary guidelines for Americans (DG) and 3) recommended dietary allowances (RDA's).
Breakfasts and lunches served in Puerto Rican Schools satisfy federal meal pattern requirements however most frequently offered foods different from programs in the mainland, reflecting ethnic and cultural food preferences. In terms of DG's adequate protein was present, cholesterol content was satisfactory but meals had excess percent energy from fat as well as excess energy from saturated fat, high sodium and a lower than recommended level of energy from carbohydrate. In terms of RDA's meals had prescribed levels of vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, folacin, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. Below prescribed levels included vitamin B6, copper, vitamin E, energy, fiber, iron, niacin and zinc.
While differences in food preferences exist between foods available in the Breakfast and Lunch Programs in Puerto Rican and U.S., schools, they have similar strengths and weaknesses when compared to compliance with U.S. Dietary Guidelines and with recommended dietary allowances.
近期已完成对美国本土学校联邦资助的早餐和午餐计划中膳食的营养分析。然而，由于种族和文化差异，这些研究结果可能无法直接应用于波多黎各类似的营养计划。我们的目标是对波多黎各联邦计划中提供的膳食进行分析，并将结果与美国本土的研究进行比较。
使用明尼苏达营养数据系统32对在波多黎各全岛的小学、初中和高中循环供应的28种不同早餐和96种不同午餐进行内容分析，并与以下内容进行比较：1）联邦计划膳食模式要求的合规情况，2）美国膳食指南（DG），以及3）推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）。
波多黎各学校提供的早餐和午餐符合联邦膳食模式要求，但最常提供的食物与美国本土计划不同，反映了种族和文化的食物偏好。就DG而言，蛋白质含量充足，胆固醇含量令人满意，但膳食中来自脂肪的能量百分比过高，饱和脂肪提供的能量过多，钠含量高，碳水化合物提供的能量低于推荐水平。就RDA而言，膳食中维生素A、维生素B12、维生素C、钙、叶酸、镁、磷和钾的含量达到规定水平。低于规定水平的包括维生素B6、铜、维生素E、能量、纤维、铁、烟酸和锌。
虽然波多黎各和美国学校的早餐和午餐计划中提供的食物在食物偏好上存在差异，但与符合美国膳食指南和推荐膳食摄入量相比，它们有相似的优点和缺点。
