School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9.
Nutr Res. 2011 Mar;31(3):215-22. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.002.
In Canada, school meals are regarded as important for social, educational, and nutritional reasons and have been provided for several years because of concerns about the health and welfare of children, especially those from low-income households. They are generally offered as local community organization and individual schools, are not regulated by law, and have no set national nutrition standards. The Canadian scientific literature lacks quantitative information on the nutritional adequacy of school meals. Better and more evaluation of such programs would encourage and guide administrators to assess other local programs in a similar fashion. Here, we describe the dietary assessment process of 1 school meal program in Canada and the nutritional adequacy of the meals. Throughout 10 years (1997-2007), the contents of 159 lunches and 90 breakfasts were collected mainly from elementary schools participating in the Child Hunger and Education Program Good Food, Inc's school nutrition program initiative in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. We collected, weighed, and analyzed food samples from meals served to children at participating schools. We then compared their nutrient content against standards based on the Dietary Recommended Intakes for children aged 4 to 8 and 9 to 13 years using one third of the recommendations as the standard for lunches and one fourth for breakfasts. Overall, both meals had a good nutrient profile and met the standards for most analyzed macronutrients and micronutrients throughout the years. Although energy was persistently low, vitamin and mineral contents were often above the standards, reflecting a tendency to offer nutrient-dense foods in lieu of energy-dense foods. The rigorous methodology described in this manuscript can be followed to assess other small local programs. Furthermore, the dietary assessment presented can encourage not only the implementation of school meal programs in other locations but also the assessment of already existing programs-a clear need in the scientific literature.
在加拿大,学校膳食因其社会、教育和营养原因而被视为重要,并已提供了多年,因为人们关注儿童的健康和福利,尤其是那些来自低收入家庭的儿童。这些膳食通常由当地社区组织和个别学校提供,不受法律监管,也没有固定的国家营养标准。加拿大的科学文献缺乏关于学校膳食营养充足性的定量信息。更好地评估这些计划将鼓励和指导管理人员以类似的方式评估其他当地计划。在这里,我们描述了加拿大的一个学校膳食计划的膳食评估过程和膳食的营养充足性。在 10 年(1997-2007 年)期间,我们主要从萨斯喀彻温省萨斯卡通市的 Good Food, Inc.学校营养计划倡议参与的小学收集了 159 份午餐和 90 份早餐的膳食内容。我们收集、称重和分析了参与学校为儿童提供的膳食中的食物样本。然后,我们根据儿童 4 至 8 岁和 9 至 13 岁的饮食推荐摄入量标准,将其营养素含量与标准进行了比较,将建议的三分之一作为午餐标准,四分之一作为早餐标准。总体而言,这两种膳食的营养成分都很好,并且在多年来大多数分析的宏量营养素和微量营养素方面都符合标准。尽管能量一直较低,但维生素和矿物质含量通常高于标准,这反映了提供营养密集型食物而不是能量密集型食物的趋势。本文描述的严格方法学可以用于评估其他小型本地计划。此外,所呈现的膳食评估不仅可以鼓励在其他地方实施学校膳食计划,还可以评估已经存在的计划——这是科学文献中的明确需求。