Aagaard P, Simonsen E B, Magnusson S P, Larsson B, Dyhre-Poulsen P
Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Am J Sports Med. 1998 Mar-Apr;26(2):231-7. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260021201.
Conventionally, the hamstring:quadriceps strength ratio is calculated by dividing the maximal knee flexor (hamstring) moment by the maximal knee extensor (quadriceps) moment measured at identical angular velocity and contraction mode. The agonist-antagonist strength relationship for knee extension and flexion may, however, be better described by the more functional ratios of eccentric hamstring to concentric quadriceps moments (extension), and concentric hamstring to eccentric quadriceps moments (flexion). We compared functional and conventional isokinetic hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios and examined their relation to knee joint angle and joint angular velocity. Peak and angle-specific (50 degrees, 40 degrees, and 30 degrees of knee flexion) moments were determined during maximal concentric and eccentric muscle contractions (10 degrees to 90 degrees of motion; 30 and 240 deg/sec). Across movement speeds and contraction modes the functional ratios for different moments varied between 0.3 and 1.0 (peak and 50 degrees), 0.4 and 1.1 (40 degrees), and 0.4 and 1.4 (30 degrees). In contrast, conventional hamstring:quadriceps ratios were 0.5 to 0.6 based on peak and 50 degrees moments, 0.6 to 0.7 based on 40 degrees moment, and 0.6 to 0.8 based on 30 degrees moment. The functional hamstring:quadriceps ratio for fast knee extension yielded a 1:1 relationship, which increased with extended knee joint position, indicating a significant capacity of the hamstring muscles to provide dynamic knee joint stability in these conditions. The evaluation of knee joint function by use of isokinetic dynamometry should comprise data on functional and conventional hamstring:quadriceps ratios as well as data on absolute muscle strength.
传统上，腘绳肌与股四头肌的力量比是通过在相同角速度和收缩模式下测量的最大屈膝（腘绳肌）力矩除以最大伸膝（股四头肌）力矩来计算的。然而，膝关节屈伸的主动肌与拮抗肌力量关系，或许用更具功能性的腘绳肌离心力矩与股四头肌向心力矩（伸展）之比，以及腘绳肌向心力矩与股四头肌离心力矩（屈曲）之比来描述会更好。我们比较了功能性和传统等速腘绳肌与股四头肌的力量比，并研究了它们与膝关节角度和关节角速度的关系。在最大向心和离心肌肉收缩（运动范围为10度至90度；速度为30和240度/秒）过程中，测定了峰值力矩和特定角度（膝关节屈曲50度、40度和30度）的力矩。在不同的运动速度和收缩模式下，不同力矩的功能比在0.3至1.0（峰值和50度）、0.4至1.1（40度）和0.4至1.4（30度）之间变化。相比之下，基于峰值和50度力矩的传统腘绳肌与股四头肌之比为0.5至0.6，基于40度力矩的为0.6至0.7，基于30度力矩的为0.6至0.8。快速伸膝时的功能性腘绳肌与股四头肌之比呈现1:1的关系，且随着膝关节伸展位置的增加而增大，这表明在这些情况下，腘绳肌具有显著的为膝关节提供动态稳定性的能力。使用等速测力法评估膝关节功能时，应包括功能性和传统的腘绳肌与股四头肌之比的数据以及绝对肌肉力量的数据。
