Piazza P V, Le Moal M
Charge de Recherche INSERM, Institute Universitaire de France, Bordeaux, France.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998 Feb;19(2):67-74. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01115-2.
Environmental experiences have an important effect on the sensitivity of an individual to drugs of abuse. Studies of drug self-administration in laboratory animals have shown that both physical and psychological stressors facilitate the acquisition of drug self-administration, probably by increasing the reinforcing efficacy of drugs of abuse. Stressors also facilitate the reinstatement of drug taking even after prolonged periods of withdrawal. The adrenal hormones, glucocorticoids, which increase the sensitivity of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurones to drugs, seem to be one of the biological substrates of the effects of stress on the propensity to develop drug intake. In this review, Pier Vincenzo Piazza and Michel Le Moal discuss theories of drug abuse, the influence of different stressful experiences on drug self-administration and their possible mechanisms of action.
环境经历对个体对滥用药物的敏感性有重要影响。对实验动物药物自我给药的研究表明，生理和心理应激源都有助于药物自我给药行为的习得，这可能是通过提高滥用药物的强化效力来实现的。即使在长时间戒断后，应激源也会促使药物复吸。肾上腺激素糖皮质激素能增加中脑多巴胺能神经元对药物的敏感性，它似乎是应激对药物摄入倾向影响的生物学基础之一。在这篇综述中，皮埃尔·文森佐·皮亚扎和米歇尔·勒莫阿尔讨论了药物滥用的理论、不同应激经历对药物自我给药的影响及其可能的作用机制。
