Marshall N L, Barnett R C, Sayer A
Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181-8259, USA.
J Occup Health Psychol. 1997 Apr;2(2):99-107. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.2.2.99.
The change in the United States from a manufacturing economy to a service economy has important implications for theoretical models of the relationships between job characteristics and workers' psychological distress. A sample of 600 men and women employed full-time were recruited to test 2 theoretical models. The job demand-control model posits that jobs that are both high in job demands and low in decision latitude are associated with greater psychological distress. The job demand-service model posits that jobs that are high in job demands and low in service to others are associated with greater psychological distress. Results show that the job demand-control model is a significant predictor of psychological distress among employees in the manufacturing industry, whereas the job demand-service model is a significant predictor of psychological distress among employees in the services industries.
美国从制造业经济向服务业经济的转变，对工作特征与工人心理困扰之间关系的理论模型具有重要意义。招募了600名全职受雇的男性和女性作为样本，以检验两种理论模型。工作要求-控制模型假定，工作要求高且决策自由度低的工作与更大的心理困扰相关。工作要求-服务模型假定，工作要求高且对他人服务低的工作与更大的心理困扰相关。结果表明，工作要求-控制模型是制造业员工心理困扰的重要预测指标，而工作要求-服务模型是服务业员工心理困扰的重要预测指标。
