Johnson J V, Stewart W F
Division of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993 Feb;19(1):21-8. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1508.
In most epidemiologic studies of occupational stress, work exposure is measured at only one point in time. This article presents a methodology for measuring the intensity and duration of work organization exposure over a lifetime. A job-exposure matrix for work organization was developed from data on a random sample (N = 12,084) of the Swedish labor force. The matrix consisted of mean exposure estimates for work control, social support, psychological and physical job demands, and job hazards for 261 occupations. Several validations of the matrix were undertaken. The matrix scores were found to be significantly correlated with individual self-report scores, and a similar increase in chronic disease prevalence with decreasing work control was found for both the matrix and the individual scores. The matrix was applied to occupational history data to construct lifetime exposure profiles. Potential problems in using attribution systems for exposure assessment are discussed.
在大多数职业压力的流行病学研究中，工作暴露仅在一个时间点进行测量。本文介绍了一种测量一生中工作组织暴露强度和持续时间的方法。工作组织的工作暴露矩阵是根据瑞典劳动力随机样本（N = 12,084）的数据编制而成。该矩阵包括对261种职业的工作控制、社会支持、心理和身体工作需求以及工作危害的平均暴露估计值。对该矩阵进行了多次验证。发现矩阵得分与个人自我报告得分显著相关，并且矩阵得分和个人得分均显示，随着工作控制的降低，慢性病患病率有类似程度的上升。该矩阵应用于职业史数据以构建终生暴露概况。文中讨论了在使用归因系统进行暴露评估时可能出现的问题。
