Barnes G
Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1998 Jan-Feb;39(1):17-20.
Encouraging results have been reported from several large trials of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine, with efficacy of 70-80% against severe disease. A recent Venezuelan study showed similar results to trials in USA and Europe. The vaccine may soon be licensed in USA. It provides the exciting prospect of a strategy to prevent one of the world's major child killers. Other candidate vaccines are under development including human-bovine reassortants, neonatal strains, non-replicating rotaviruses, vector vaccines and other genetically engineered products. Second and third generation rotavirus vaccines are on the horizon. The need for a rotavirus vaccine is well accepted by paediatricians, but public health authorities need to be lobbied. Other issues which need to be addressed include relative importance of non-group A rotaviruses, possible administration with OPV, the influence of breast feeding, and most importantly, cost. It is essential that rotavirus vaccine is somehow made available to all of the world's children, not just those in developed countries.
多项四价恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗大型试验已报告了令人鼓舞的结果，对严重疾病的疗效为70%-80%。最近委内瑞拉的一项研究显示出与美国和欧洲试验相似的结果。该疫苗可能很快在美国获得许可。它为预防全球主要儿童杀手之一提供了令人振奋的策略前景。其他候选疫苗正在研发中，包括人-牛重配体、新生儿毒株、非复制型轮状病毒、载体疫苗及其他基因工程产品。第二代和第三代轮状病毒疫苗即将问世。儿科医生普遍认可对轮状病毒疫苗的需求，但需要游说公共卫生当局。其他需要解决的问题包括非A组轮状病毒的相对重要性、与口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗联合接种的可能性、母乳喂养的影响，以及最重要的成本问题。至关重要的是，要以某种方式让全世界所有儿童都能获得轮状病毒疫苗，而不仅仅是发达国家的儿童。
