Crabb J H
ImmuCell Corporation, Portland, ME 04103, USA.
Adv Parasitol. 1998;40:121-49. doi: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60119-0.
Passive antibody immunotherapy (PAI) for cryptosporidiosis is a treatment strategy that has been actively pursued in laboratory studies and early-stage clinical studies for the last decade. Several experimental approaches have been initiated, including use of bovine colostrum and colostral antibodies (hyperimmune and natural), monoclonal antibodies, chicken egg yolk antibodies, and even orally administered human plasma antibodies. Most studies have employed oral administration to treat or prevent this intestinal infection. The interest in this treatment strategy has been sparked by the lack of an effective or approved therapy, increased awareness of the widespread nature of this parasite, epidemiological evidence that humoral immunity plays an important role in host resistance, and several early case reports of antibody therapy in which remarkable resolution of the disease was observed. Most studies using a variety of preparations of antibodies administered to animals and humans have shown some degree of efficacy, though the responses have been, for the most part, partial rather than complete resolution of the disease. This chapter examines critically the scientific rationale and the evidence for PAI for cryptosporidiosis, including practical considerations and future approaches.
隐孢子虫病的被动抗体免疫疗法（PAI）是过去十年中在实验室研究和早期临床研究中积极探索的一种治疗策略。已经开展了几种实验方法，包括使用牛初乳和初乳抗体（高免疫和天然抗体）、单克隆抗体、鸡蛋黄抗体，甚至口服人血浆抗体。大多数研究采用口服给药来治疗或预防这种肠道感染。由于缺乏有效的或获批的治疗方法、对这种寄生虫广泛存在的认识增加、体液免疫在宿主抵抗力中起重要作用的流行病学证据，以及一些抗体治疗的早期病例报告显示疾病得到显著缓解，人们对这种治疗策略产生了兴趣。大多数使用各种抗体制剂对动物和人类进行给药的研究都显示出了一定程度的疗效，不过在大多数情况下，疾病只是部分缓解而非完全治愈。本章将批判性地审视隐孢子虫病PAI的科学原理和证据，包括实际考虑因素和未来方法。
