Avery D, Lenz M, Landis C
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98104-2499, USA.
Ann Med. 1998 Feb;30(1):122-30. doi: 10.3109/07853899808999394.
Although compelling logic suggests that melatonin may be effective for a variety of disorders, there are few empirical clinical studies. The optimal dose of melatonin is not clear; most studies have used doses that produce supraphysiological blood levels. The timing of melatonin administration is important. Melatonin has few immediate side-effects except drowsiness, but the effects of chronic administration are unclear. Melatonin may be effective in reducing jet lag. In elderly patients with poor sleep and documented low melatonin production, melatonin may be helpful. In several studies, melatonin has been shown to shorten sleep latency. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of melatonin.
尽管有令人信服的逻辑表明褪黑素可能对多种疾病有效，但实证临床研究却很少。褪黑素的最佳剂量尚不清楚；大多数研究使用的剂量会导致血液水平超出生理范围。褪黑素给药的时间很重要。除了嗜睡外，褪黑素几乎没有即时副作用，但长期服用的效果尚不清楚。褪黑素可能对减轻时差反应有效。在睡眠不佳且有记录表明褪黑素分泌量低的老年患者中，褪黑素可能会有帮助。在几项研究中，褪黑素已被证明可缩短睡眠潜伏期。需要进一步研究以阐明褪黑素的疗效和安全性。
