Guendelman S, Samuels S, Ramirez M
Division of Health Policy and Administration and Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7360, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):501-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199805)33:5<501::aid-ajim10>3.0.co;2-1.
This cohort study of 725 women examined the health, occupational, and social factors that contribute to quitting work in two transnational electronics maquiladoras (assembly plants) in Tijuana, Mexico. The estimated cumulative probabilities of quitting were 68% and 81% by 1 and 2 years of employment. After adjusting for other factors, women who had a history of smoking or surgery and those who returned to work after a paid leave due to illness were more likely to quit. In contrast, women with a history of chronic illness had lower quitting rates. The nationality of the company and the work shift also significantly influenced quitting rates, but demographic characteristics and health care visits did not have a significant effect. Women selectively leave maquiladora employment, often due to health-related events. The healthy worker effect is difficult to measure in a mobile population with high turnover.
这项针对725名女性的队列研究，考察了导致墨西哥蒂华纳两家跨国电子加工厂（装配厂）女工离职的健康、职业和社会因素。工作1年和2年时，估计的累计离职概率分别为68%和81%。在对其他因素进行调整后，有吸烟史或手术史的女性以及因疾病带薪休假后重返工作岗位的女性更有可能离职。相比之下，有慢性病病史的女性离职率较低。公司国籍和工作班次也对离职率有显著影响，但人口统计学特征和医疗就诊情况没有显著影响。女性往往因与健康相关的事件而选择性地离开加工厂工作。在流动率高的流动人群中，健康工人效应难以衡量。
