Adeloye A, Ssembatya-Lule G C
Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
East Afr Med J. 1997 Dec;74(12):822-8.
One hundred and four patients (88 males and 16 females) with acute head injuries admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre from July 1st to December 31st 1995 were prospectively studied using a questionnaire. Forty seven (45.2%) of the injuries were caused by road traffic accidents, 42(40.4%) by assaults, nine (8.7%) resulted from falls from heights, two (1.9%) from occupational injuries and the remaining four (3.8%) were of miscellaneous origins. RTA associated head injuries involved 17 (36.2%) pedestrians; 14 (29.8%) vehicular passengers, 10 (21.3%) pedal cyclists; five (10.6%) drivers and one motor cyclist. Malawi males aged between 20 and 29 were mostly involved. Assault related head injuries occurred also in young adult males commonly at the weekend with more than 50% occurring on Saturday and Sunday. Fifty per cent were sustained at home, a quarter on the streets and surprisingly few at drinking houses making them the safest place to be in Malawi to avoid assaults! Alcohol usage was not statistically significant among those assaulted; it was not possible to define its aetiological role among assailants. The head injuries associated with falls from heights (FFH) involved eight males and one female; five were children. Strategies for the prevention of assaults, the various types of road traffic accidents and falls from heights are discussed.
1995年7月1日至12月31日期间，104例急性头部受伤患者（88例男性，16例女性）被收治于布兰太尔伊丽莎白女王中心医院，我们使用问卷调查对其进行了前瞻性研究。其中，47例（45.2%）受伤是由道路交通事故所致，42例（40.4%）是由袭击造成，9例（8.7%）因高处坠落导致，2例（1.9%）是职业伤害，其余4例（3.8%）来源各异。道路交通事故相关的头部受伤涉及17名行人（36.2%）；14名乘车人员（29.8%），10名骑自行车者（21.3%）；5名司机和1名骑摩托车者。主要涉及的是年龄在20至29岁之间的马拉维男性。与袭击相关的头部受伤也常见于年轻成年男性，多发生在周末，超过50%发生在周六和周日。50%的受伤发生在家中，四分之一发生在街头，令人惊讶的是在酒馆发生的很少，这使得酒馆成为马拉维最安全的避免袭击的场所！在受袭击者中，饮酒情况在统计学上无显著差异；无法确定其在袭击者中的病因学作用。与高处坠落相关的头部受伤涉及8名男性和1名女性；5名是儿童。文中讨论了预防袭击、各类道路交通事故和高处坠落的策略。
