Odero W, Zwi A B
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 1997 Nov;74(11):675-9.
A roadside alcohol prevalence survey of drivers randomly selected from the general traffic was conducted in Eldoret, Kenya. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data obtained by a breath test in 90% of the sample (n = 479) was analysed by demographic and travel characteristics. 19.9% had a positive breath test (BAC > or = 5 mg%), 8.4% had BACs greater than 50 mg%, and 4% exceeded 80 mg%. A greater proportion of males (20%) had been drinking compared to females (12.5%): all drivers with high BACs (> or = 50 mg%) were males. The likelihood of having consumed alcohol was greater in motorists aged 25 years and above (20.4%) than in younger drivers aged 16-24 years (15.4%), their mean BACs were also more elevated (57 mg% versus 31 mg%). In comparison to operators of public service vehicles (PSV), people driving personal cars were more than twice as likely to have been drinking: with 21.9% being BAC positive against 10.8% (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 6.3, p = 0.05). Educated individuals with skilled careers tended to indulge in drink-driving to a greater extent than professional drivers (operators of public transport, taxi and heavy goods vehicles), with BAC prevalence rates of 23.7% and 15.5%, respectively. Other circumstances influencing the probability of drink-driving were number of vehicle occupants, distance to destination, road location, time of the night and whether it was a weekend or weekday. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential for promotion of relevant deterrent measures, including the establishment of an appropriate BAC legal limit for drivers in Kenya.
在肯尼亚的埃尔多雷特，对从一般交通中随机抽取的司机进行了一项路边酒精流行率调查。通过呼气测试获得了样本中90%（n = 479）的血液酒精浓度（BAC）数据，并按人口统计学和出行特征进行了分析。19.9%的呼气测试呈阳性（BAC≥5毫克%），8.4%的BAC大于50毫克%，4%超过80毫克%。与女性（12.5%）相比，饮酒的男性比例更高（20%）：所有BAC高的司机（≥50毫克%）均为男性。25岁及以上的驾车者（20.4%）饮酒的可能性高于16 - 24岁的年轻司机（15.4%），他们的平均BAC也更高（分别为57毫克%和31毫克%）。与公共服务车辆（PSV）的驾驶员相比，驾驶私家车的人饮酒的可能性是其两倍多：BAC阳性率为21.9%，而PSV驾驶员为10.8%（OR = 2.3；95% CI，1.0至6.3，p = 0.05）。从事技术职业的受过教育的人比职业司机（公共交通、出租车和重型货车驾驶员）更倾向于酒后驾车，BAC流行率分别为23.7%和15.5%。影响酒后驾车可能性的其他因素包括车内乘客数量、到目的地的距离、道路位置、夜间时间以及是周末还是工作日。将结合推广相关威慑措施的可能性来讨论这些发现，包括为肯尼亚的司机确定适当的BAC法定限值。
