Thom D
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Apr;46(4):473-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02469.x.
Prevalence estimates for urinary incontinence among community-dwelling adults vary from 2 to 55%. A review of the literature was undertaken to investigate the degree to which differences in definitions of incontinence, age, and gender of the populations studied, response rates, measurement techniques, or location could explain differences in reported prevalences.
A literature search was conducted to locate all studies published in English reporting the prevalence of urinary incontinence in a population-based sample of adults.
Information was abstracted for study size, response rate, type of survey, definition of urinary incontinence, and prevalence of incontinence by age group and gender. Prevalence by type of incontinence was also abstracted where available. Stratification was used to obtain prevalence estimates specific for age, gender, and frequency of incontinence. Data were examined for associations between prevalence and survey type, response rate, year, and location of survey.
A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Stratification of reported prevalence by frequency, gender, and age substantially reduced the variation in prevalence estimates. For older women, the estimated prevalence of urinary incontinence ranged from 17 to 55% (median = 35%, pooled mean = 34%), and for daily incontinence it ranged from 3 to 17% (median = 14%, pooled mean = 12%). For older men, incontinence prevalence was estimated to be 11 to 34% (median = 17%, pooled mean = 22%), and 2 to 11% reported daily incontinence (median = 4%, pooled mean = 5%). Within studies, the prevalence of any incontinence was 1.3 to 2.0 times greater for older women than for older men. Among middle-aged and younger adults, prevalence of incontinence ranged from 12 to 42% (median = 28%, pooled mean = 25%) for women and from 3 to 5% (median = 4%, pooled mean = 5%) for men. The ratio of prevalence of any incontinence for women to men in this age group ranged from 4.1 to 4.5. Stress incontinence predominated in younger women, whereas urge and mixed incontinence predominated in older women. There was a tendency for studies using in-person interviews to report higher prevalences.
An accurate estimate of the prevalence of urinary incontinence depends on specifying the definition of incontinence and the age and gender groups of interest.
社区居住成年人尿失禁的患病率估计值在2%至55%之间。本文献综述旨在调查失禁定义、所研究人群的年龄和性别、应答率、测量技术或研究地点的差异在多大程度上能够解释报告患病率的差异。
进行文献检索，以查找所有用英文发表的、报告基于人群样本的成年人尿失禁患病率的研究。
提取有关研究规模、应答率、调查类型、尿失禁定义以及按年龄组和性别划分的尿失禁患病率的信息。如有可用数据，还提取按失禁类型划分的患病率。采用分层分析来获得针对年龄、性别和失禁频率的特定患病率估计值。检查数据以了解患病率与调查类型、应答率、年份和调查地点之间的关联。
共有21项研究符合纳入标准。按频率、性别和年龄对报告的患病率进行分层，大幅降低了患病率估计值的变异程度。对于老年女性，尿失禁的估计患病率为17%至55%（中位数 = 35%，合并均值 = 34%），每日失禁的患病率为3%至17%（中位数 = 14%，合并均值 = 12%）。对于老年男性，失禁患病率估计为11%至34%（中位数 = 17%，合并均值 = 22%），报告每日失禁的比例为2%至11%（中位数 = 4%，合并均值 = 5%）。在各项研究中，老年女性任何类型失禁的患病率比老年男性高1.3至2.0倍。在中年及年轻成年人中，女性失禁患病率为12%至42%（中位数 = 28%，合并均值 = 25%），男性为3%至5%（中位数 = 4%，合并均值 = 5%）。该年龄组中女性与男性任何类型失禁患病率的比值在4.1至4.5之间。年轻女性中以压力性尿失禁为主，而老年女性中以急迫性和混合性尿失禁为主。采用面对面访谈的研究往往报告的患病率较高。
尿失禁患病率的准确估计取决于明确失禁的定义以及所关注的年龄和性别组。
