Langford R A, Ritchie J, Ritchie J
Department of Psychology, California State University-Humboldt, Arcata 95521, USA.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1998 Spring;28(1):94-106.
During the 1990s, Aotearoa/New Zealand has experienced an alarming increase in youth suicide in the Maori and non-Maori populations. Among 23 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries surveyed by the World Health Organization's (1995) World Health Statistics Annual, New Zealand ranks first for fatal suicidal behavior, in males 15-24 years of age, and third for fatal suicidal behavior in females. A United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF, 1996) survey of 32 countries places New Zealand males as third highest for fatal suicidal behavior, and females as eighth highest in the age group 15-24 years. New Zealand has recently undergone a number of social and economic changes that have created dramatic social and cultural shifts. Given the rapidity of these changes, the shock on such a small country has been difficult to absorb. These shifts have placed tremendous pressures on families and service support systems, such as health and mental health services, to develop programs that are relevant and acceptable for a bicultural society. This article focuses on these changes and the effect they have had on cultural narratives of gender and suicidal behavior, the different cultural etiologies that underlie these statistics, and recommendations for intervention and prevention program development.
在20世纪90年代，新西兰本土/新西兰经历了毛利族和非毛利族青年自杀率惊人的增长。在世界卫生组织（1995年）《世界卫生统计年鉴》调查的23个经济合作与发展组织国家中，新西兰在15至24岁男性的致命自杀行为方面排名第一，在女性致命自杀行为方面排名第三。联合国儿童基金会（1996年）对32个国家的调查显示，在15至24岁年龄组中，新西兰男性的致命自杀行为排名第三高，女性排名第八高。新西兰最近经历了一些社会和经济变革，这些变革引发了巨大的社会和文化转变。鉴于这些变化的迅速性，对于这样一个小国来说，冲击难以承受。这些转变给家庭和服务支持系统（如健康和心理健康服务）带来了巨大压力，要求它们制定适合双文化社会的相关且可接受的项目。本文重点关注这些变化及其对性别和自杀行为的文化叙事的影响、这些统计数据背后不同的文化病因，以及干预和预防项目开发的建议。
