Guerrini V H, Kriticos C M
Pestsearch International, Daisy Hill, Australia.
Vet Parasitol. 1998 Jan 31;74(2-4):289-97. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00042-3.
Azadirachtin-containing neem seed extract is a powerful insect growth regulator, a feeding deterrent and repellent with low toxicity. Unfortunately, azadirachtin degrades rapidly in light, excessive heat or alkalinity. Evaluations of azadirachtin on ectoparasites on animals have been scarce. The purpose of this work was to describe the effects of normal and potentiated azadirachtin on Ctenocephalides felis in the dog or cat. Groups of kennelled greyhounds and domestic cats infested with C. felis were sprayed once with azadirachtin containing neem seed extract with or without diethyltoluamide (Deet) and/or citronella. Methanolic extracts with 200, 1000 or 2400 ppm azadirachtin reduced fleas in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with fleas counted on treated dogs just before treatment and untreated infested dogs, 1000-2400 ppm azadirachtin reduced fleas 93-53% for 19 days. However, combined with 500 ppm Deet and 33% w/v citronella, only 500 ppm azadirachtin reduced fleas 95-62% for 20 days. On cats inoculated with 50 fleas 2 days before treatment, the combination reduced fleas and eggs 100% to day 6 and 83-51% from day 7 to 9. On petri dishes, the combination achieved 100% egg mortality up to day 7 and 80% to day 14 and 48-52% to days 21-28. Deet, with or without neem seed extract or citronella, and citronella, with or without neem, did not reduce fleas significantly. The results show that azadirachtin reduced fleas in a dose-dependent manner in flea-contaminated environments. In cats, the combination killed most fleas within 24 h, providing effective flea control for 7 days. The results suggest that Deet with citronella potentiated the effect of azadirachtin on C. felis.
含印楝素的印楝种子提取物是一种强效昆虫生长调节剂，具有拒食和驱避作用，且毒性较低。不幸的是，印楝素在光照、过热或碱性环境中会迅速降解。关于印楝素对动物体表寄生虫作用的评估较少。这项工作的目的是描述普通印楝素和增效印楝素对犬或猫身上的猫栉首蚤的影响。将感染了猫栉首蚤的一群犬舍灵缇犬和家猫，分别用含或不含二乙甲苯酰胺（避蚊胺）和/或香茅油的含印楝素印楝种子提取物喷雾一次。含200、1000或2400 ppm印楝素的甲醇提取物以剂量依赖方式减少跳蚤数量。与处理前处理犬和未处理感染犬身上计数的跳蚤相比，1000 - 2400 ppm印楝素在19天内使跳蚤数量减少了93% - 53%。然而，与500 ppm避蚊胺和33% w/v香茅油联合使用时，只有500 ppm印楝素在20天内使跳蚤数量减少了95% - 62%。在处理前2天接种50只跳蚤的猫身上，该组合在第6天前使跳蚤和蚤卵减少了100%，从第7天到第9天减少了83% - 51%。在培养皿中，该组合在第7天前使蚤卵死亡率达到100%，到第14天为80%，到第21 - 28天为48% - 52%。单独的避蚊胺，无论是否与印楝种子提取物或香茅油联合使用，以及单独的香茅油，无论是否与印楝联合使用，都没有显著减少跳蚤数量。结果表明，在跳蚤污染的环境中，印楝素以剂量依赖方式减少跳蚤数量。在猫身上，该组合在24小时内杀死了大多数跳蚤，提供了7天的有效跳蚤控制。结果表明，避蚊胺与香茅油增强了印楝素对猫栉首蚤的作用。
