Karlqvist L K, Bernmark E, Ekenvall L, Hagberg M, Isaksson A, Rostö T
Department of Occupational Health, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Feb;24(1):62-73. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.279.
This study concerned the influence of 6 positions of the computer mouse on the work table on posture, muscular load, and perceived exertion during text editing.
An optoelectronic 3-dimensional motion analysis system was used to register the postures of 10 men and 10 women using video display units. Muscular load was also registered (with electromyography), as was perceived exertion (with rating scales).
A neutral posture with a relaxed and supported arm showed the least perceived exertion, and the electromyographic results showed low activity in both trapezius muscles in this position. Short operators (all women) showed a numerically higher activity in the 4 examined muscles than the tall operators (all men, except 1). This finding could be related to lower muscle force among women and to anthropometric differences, which also influence biomechanic load moments. Narrow-shouldered operators (8 women and 1 man) and short operators worked with larger outward rotation and abduction of the shoulder in a position of the mouse lateral to the keyboard than the broad-shouldered (7 men and 2 women) and tall operators did. Arm support markedly reduced muscle load in the neck-shoulder region among the operators.
The operators using video display units in this study preferred to use the mouse on a table in a close to relaxed, neutral posture of the arm in combination with arm support. Short and narrow-shouldered operators worked in more strenuous postures of the arm when the mouse was located lateral to the keyboard.
本研究关注电脑鼠标在工作台上的6种位置对文本编辑过程中的姿势、肌肉负荷和主观用力感觉的影响。
使用光电三维运动分析系统记录10名男性和10名女性使用视频显示单元时的姿势。同时记录肌肉负荷（通过肌电图）和主观用力感觉（通过评分量表）。
手臂放松且得到支撑的中立姿势显示出最低的主观用力感觉，肌电图结果表明在此姿势下双侧斜方肌的活动较低。矮个子操作者（均为女性）在所检测的4块肌肉中的活动在数值上高于高个子操作者（除1名男性外均为男性）。这一发现可能与女性较低的肌肉力量以及人体测量学差异有关，这些差异也会影响生物力学负荷力矩。窄肩操作者（8名女性和1名男性）和矮个子操作者在鼠标位于键盘外侧的位置时，肩部向外旋转和外展的幅度比宽肩操作者（7名男性和2名女性）和高个子操作者更大。手臂支撑显著降低了操作者颈部肩部区域的肌肉负荷。
本研究中使用视频显示单元的操作者更喜欢在工作台上以接近放松的手臂中立姿势并结合手臂支撑来使用鼠标。当鼠标位于键盘外侧时，矮个子和窄肩操作者的手臂姿势更为费力。
