Lindegård A, Wahlström J, Hagberg M, Hansson G-A, Jonsson P, Wigaeus Tornqvist E
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 2003 May 15;46(6):598-615. doi: 10.1080/0014013031000071360.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between working technique, sex, symptoms and level of physical load in VDU-work. A study group of 32 employees in the editing department of a daily newspaper answered a questionnaire, about physical working conditions and symptoms from the neck and the upper extremities. Muscular load, wrist positions and computer mouse forces were measured. Working technique was assessed from an observation protocol for computer work. In addition ratings of perceived exertion and overall comfort were collected. The results showed that subjects classified as having a good working technique worked with less muscular load in the forearm (extensor carpi ulnaris p=0.03) and in the trapezius muscle on the mouse operating side (p=0.02) compared to subjects classified as having a poor working technique. Moreover there were no differences in gap frequency (number of episodes when muscle activity is below 2.5% of a reference contraction) or muscular rest (total duration of gaps) between the two working technique groups. Women in this study used more force (mean force p=0.006, peak force p=0.02) expressed as % MVC than the men when operating the computer mouse. No major differences were shown in muscular load, wrist postures, perceived exertion or perceived comfort between men and women or between cases and symptom free subjects. In conclusion a good working technique was associated with reduced muscular load in the forearm muscles and in the trapezius muscle on the mouse operating side. Moreover women used more force (mean force and peak force) than men when operating the click button (left button) of the computer mouse.
本研究旨在调查视频显示终端（VDU）工作中工作技巧、性别、症状与身体负荷水平之间可能存在的关联。一家日报编辑部门的32名员工组成的研究小组回答了一份关于身体工作条件以及颈部和上肢症状的问卷。测量了肌肉负荷、手腕姿势和电脑鼠标用力情况。根据一份电脑工作观察记录评估工作技巧。此外，还收集了自觉用力程度和总体舒适度的评分。结果显示，与被归类为工作技巧较差的受试者相比，被归类为具有良好工作技巧的受试者在前臂尺侧腕伸肌（p = 0.03）和鼠标操作侧斜方肌（p = 0.02）的肌肉负荷较小。此外，两个工作技巧组在间隙频率（肌肉活动低于参考收缩2.5%的发作次数）或肌肉休息（间隙总时长）方面没有差异。本研究中的女性在操作电脑鼠标时比男性使用更大的力（平均力p = 0.006，峰值力p = 0.02），以最大自主收缩（MVC）的百分比表示。男性和女性之间以及有症状和无症状受试者之间在肌肉负荷、手腕姿势、自觉用力程度或自觉舒适度方面均未显示出重大差异。总之，良好的工作技巧与前臂肌肉和鼠标操作侧斜方肌的肌肉负荷降低有关。此外，女性在操作电脑鼠标的点击按钮（左键）时比男性使用更大的力（平均力和峰值力）。
