Dubey J P, Lindsay D S, Speer C A
Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Apr;11(2):267-99. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.2.267.
Infections by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent world-wide in animals and humans. This paper reviews the life cycle; the structure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, oocysts, sporocysts, sporozoites and enteroepithelial stages of T. gondii; and the mode of penetration of T. gondii. The review provides a detailed account of the biology of tissue cysts and bradyzoites including in vivo and in vitro development, methods of separation from host tissue, tissue cyst rupture, and relapse. The mechanism of in vivo and in vitro stage conversion from sporozoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites and from bradyzoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites is also discussed.
原生动物寄生虫刚地弓形虫的感染在全世界的动物和人类中广泛流行。本文综述了刚地弓形虫的生命周期；速殖子、缓殖子、卵囊、孢子囊、子孢子和肠上皮阶段的结构；以及刚地弓形虫的侵入方式。该综述详细阐述了组织包囊和缓殖子的生物学特性，包括体内和体外发育、从宿主组织中分离的方法、组织包囊破裂和复发。还讨论了子孢子在体内和体外向速殖子再向缓殖子以及从缓殖子向速殖子再向缓殖子的阶段转化机制。
