Ntoumanis N, Biddle S
School of Education, University of Exeter, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998 Apr;8(2):120-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00179.x.
The purpose of the present study was to expand on previous research that has found compatibility between individuals' views on achievement and the type of achievement that was promoted in the sport environment they belonged to. However, this line of research has ignored the fact that the two main goal orientations are largely independent and that their impact in combination is often different from their effects examined separately. The present study, therefore, examined which combinations of goal orientations are compatible with perceptions of mastery and performance climates in a sample of 146 British university students. With regard to mastery climate, the analysis showed that the critical factor was the degree of task orientation since those with high scores in this factor (irrespective of the degree of their ego orientation) perceived the climate as more mastery-oriented than those with low scores in task orientation. This was substantiated by the large differences in effect sizes between the high- and low-task groups. As far as performance climate was concerned, the most negative perceptions of climate were held by those who were rated both low in task orientation and high in ego orientation. A general inference from these results is that high task orientation is motivationally adaptive, whereas high ego orientation is not motivationally detrimental as long as it is accompanied by a high task orientation. These findings are in contrast with previous suggestions that have called for the enhancement of task orientation with the concurrent suppression of ego orientation. Our results are, however, consonant with studies which have employed a goal profiles analysis in sport and in physical education, and with empirical evidence from real sport settings.
本研究的目的是在先前研究的基础上进行拓展，先前研究发现个体对成就的看法与他们所属运动环境中所倡导的成就类型之间存在兼容性。然而，这一研究方向忽略了两个主要目标导向在很大程度上是相互独立的这一事实，以及它们共同作用的影响往往不同于分别考察时的效果。因此，本研究在146名英国大学生样本中，考察了哪些目标导向的组合与掌握型和成绩型氛围的认知相兼容。关于掌握型氛围，分析表明关键因素是任务导向程度，因为在该因素上得分高的人（无论其自我导向程度如何）比任务导向得分低的人更认为该氛围是以掌握为导向的。高任务导向组和低任务导向组之间效应量的巨大差异证实了这一点。就成绩型氛围而言，任务导向得分低且自我导向得分高的人对氛围的负面认知最为强烈。从这些结果得出的一个普遍推论是，高任务导向在动机上具有适应性，而高自我导向只要伴有高任务导向，在动机上就不会有害。这些发现与先前呼吁增强任务导向同时抑制自我导向的建议形成对比。然而，我们的结果与在体育和体育教育中采用目标剖析分析的研究以及来自真实运动环境的实证证据是一致的。
