Duda J L, Olson L K, Templin T J
Department of PEHRS, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1991 Mar;62(1):79-87. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1991.10607522.
Nicholls's theory of achievement motivation (1989) assumes one's goal orientation in an achievement activity is consistent with one's views concerning what is acceptable behavior in that setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of a task and ego goal orientation (i.e., the tendency to focus on personal mastery or beating others, respectively) to sportsmanship attitudes and perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive acts by testing this assumption in the context of interscholastic sport. Fifty-six male and 67 female high school basketball players completed a three-part questionnaire assessing (a) individual differences in goal orientation, (b) approval of "unsportsmanlike play/cheating," "strategic play," and "sportsmanship behaviors," and (c) subjective ratings of the legitimacy of intentionally injurious behaviors. All measures were basketball-specific. Results indicated a low task orientation and high ego orientation corresponded to an endorsement of unsportsmanlike play/cheating. Ego orientation positively related to the rating of aggressive acts as more legitimate. Gender differences in goal orientation, sportsmanship attitudes, and legitimacy ratings were observed.
尼科尔斯的成就动机理论（1989年）假定，一个人在成就活动中的目标导向与他对该情境中可接受行为的看法是一致的。本研究的目的是通过在中学体育的背景下检验这一假设，来确定任务目标导向和自我目标导向（即分别关注个人掌握或击败他人的倾向）与体育道德态度以及对攻击性行为合法性的认知之间的关系。56名男高中生和67名女高中生篮球运动员完成了一份三部分的问卷，该问卷评估了：（a）目标导向的个体差异；（b）对“违反体育道德的行为/作弊”“策略性比赛”和“体育道德行为”的认可程度；（c）对故意伤害行为合法性的主观评分。所有测量都是针对篮球项目的。结果表明，低任务导向和高自我导向与对违反体育道德的行为/作弊的认可相关。自我导向与将攻击性行为评为更具合法性呈正相关。研究还观察到了在目标导向、体育道德态度和合法性评分方面的性别差异。
