Ntoumanis N, Biddle S
School of Education, University of Exeter.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1998 Jun;69(2):176-87. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1998.10607682.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate to perceptions of the intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety in a sample of university athletes representing various team sports. Although some studies have demonstrated that task orientation and mastery climate are associated with adaptive emotional patterns and ego orientation and performance climate are linked to less adaptive emotions, others have not verified these findings. In the present study, structural equation modeling was used to test these links. The results showed that perceptions of a performance climate were associated with ego orientation, whereas perceptions of a mastery climate were linked to task orientation. Furthermore, no significant links were found between task orientation and direction of competitive anxiety, while it was shown that the impact of ego orientation on the intensity and direction of cognitive and somatic anxiety was exerted through self-confidence. No significant direct links were found between motivational climates and competitive anxiety, thus implying that motivational climates may have an indirect impact on affective responses through the different goal orientations. The findings of the present study are discussed along with suggestions for examining situational and individual difference variables that may explain the relationships between intensity and direction of competitive anxiety and achievement goals and motivational climates.
本研究的目的是，在一个由代表各种团队运动项目的大学生运动员组成的样本中，考察成就目标定向和感知到的动机氛围与对竞技状态焦虑的强度和方向的感知之间的关系。虽然一些研究表明，任务定向和掌握氛围与适应性情绪模式相关，而自我定向和成绩氛围与适应性较差的情绪有关，但其他研究并未证实这些发现。在本研究中，采用结构方程模型来检验这些联系。结果表明，对成绩氛围的感知与自我定向相关，而对掌握氛围的感知与任务定向有关。此外，未发现任务定向与竞技焦虑方向之间存在显著联系，而研究表明，自我定向对认知焦虑和躯体焦虑的强度及方向的影响是通过自信发挥作用的。未发现动机氛围与竞技焦虑之间存在显著的直接联系，这意味着动机氛围可能通过不同的目标定向对情感反应产生间接影响。本文结合相关建议讨论了本研究的结果，这些建议涉及考察可能解释竞技焦虑强度和方向与成就目标及动机氛围之间关系的情境和个体差异变量。
