Brent D A, Kolko D J
University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998 Feb;26(1):17-25. doi: 10.1023/a:1022678622119.
In this paper, we define psychotherapy as a modality of treatment in which the therapist and patient(s) work together to ameliorate psychopathologic conditions and functional impairment through focus on the therapeutic relationship; the patient's attitudes, thoughts, affect, and behavior; and social context and development. The possible mechanisms of action and active ingredients of psychotherapy in children and adolescents are discussed, with an emphasis on the above-noted domains. The adult psychotherapy literature strongly supports the central roles of the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic empathy; this has been much less intensively explored in the child and adolescent psychotherapy literature. Similarly, there have been few studies examining the mediation of treatment effects by impact on specific domains. Ideally, treatment studies should gather data that can be informative about the impact of putative mediating and moderating psychosocial and biological variables on outcome and course. The results of such studies can aid further refinements in both theories of etiology and improvement in treatments for children and adolescents.
在本文中，我们将心理治疗定义为一种治疗方式，治疗师与患者共同努力，通过关注治疗关系、患者的态度、思维、情感和行为以及社会背景与发展，来改善心理病理状况和功能损害。本文讨论了儿童和青少年心理治疗可能的作用机制和有效成分，并着重关注上述领域。成人心理治疗文献有力地支持了治疗关系和治疗同理心的核心作用；而在儿童和青少年心理治疗文献中，对此的探讨则少得多。同样，很少有研究考察对特定领域的影响在治疗效果中的中介作用。理想情况下，治疗研究应收集能够提供有关假定的中介和调节心理社会及生物学变量对结果和病程影响信息的数据。此类研究结果有助于进一步完善病因理论，并改进儿童和青少年的治疗方法。
