Zinbarg R E, Mohlman J
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1227, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Apr;74(4):1024-40. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.4.1024.
Two studies were conducted to test the predictions derived from the behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system theory of personality that trait anxiety is positively related to the speed of acquisition of punishment expectancies and impulsivity is positively related to the speed of acquisition of reward expectancies. Both studies used a standard approach-avoidance discrimination task with self-report measures of expectancies. Both studies found support for the hypothesized relation between trait and acquisition of punishment expectancies but not for the hypothesized relation between impulsivity and acquisition of reward expectancies. Study 2 suggested that the relation between trait anxiety and punishment expectancy is affected by the type of incentive and the type of trait anxiety measure used. The results suggest that highly trait anxious individuals are more susceptible to developing new sources of anxiety than others.
进行了两项研究，以检验从人格的行为激活系统和行为抑制系统理论得出的预测，即特质焦虑与惩罚预期的习得速度呈正相关，冲动性与奖励预期的习得速度呈正相关。两项研究均使用了标准的趋避辨别任务以及预期的自我报告测量方法。两项研究均发现支持特质与惩罚预期习得之间的假设关系，但不支持冲动性与奖励预期习得之间的假设关系。研究2表明，特质焦虑与惩罚预期之间的关系受激励类型和所使用的特质焦虑测量类型的影响。结果表明，高特质焦虑个体比其他人更容易产生新的焦虑源。
